Cell Quiz Flashcards
What was the Miller urey experiment?
A simulated early earth: water, gases, energy, complex molecules such as amino acids formed. Miller + doctor urey
Endosymbiotic Theory
Mitochondria and chloroplasts were originally prokaryotes that were consumed by carnivorous prokayrotes. They began to have a symbiotic relationship with one another, and evolved into an organelle.
Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic: 2 similarities 2 differences
- Eukaryotes of membrane bound organelles.
- Eukaryotes have a nucleus, prokaryotes habe free floating DNA
- Both have ribosomes
- Both have cell membrane
Cytoskeleton
Structure, shape, organization
Where are centrioles found?
Animal cells, barrel-like, assist in cell division by releasing fiber (microtubules) to help.
Golgi apparatus
Transport, modify, package lipids and proteins. Produce vesicles
Peroxisomes
Break down fatty acids, detox substances,
Lysosomes
Clean up crew: break down waste and old molecules that are sometimes reused to make new structures
rER vs sER
rER modifies proteins while sER modifies lipids
Nucleus vs nucleolus
The nucleus is the control center that has genetic material. The nucleolus is inside the nucleus and creates ribosomes.
Organelles only found in animal cells
Lysosomes and centrioles
Organelles only found in plant cells
Chloroplast. Cell wall, central vacuole
3 organelles found in bacterial
Nucleoid designated region for DNA, plasmids small circular DNA molecules, flagella a tail for movement.
Structure of the cell membrane and how it impacts diffusion
The heads of the phospholipids are hydrophobic and the tails are hydrophilic. The hydrophobic core acts as a barrier to most water soluble substances and only allowing small, non-polar molecules to diffuse through. Also contributes to stability: separating the cell’s interior from the external environment.
Solute vs Solvent
solute: substance dissolved (salt)
solvent: water
