Cell Lineage

Question 1

What are the two large groups that haematopoetic stem cells differentiate into?

Answer 1

Myeloid and Lymphoid

Question 2

What blast cells do myeloid precursors differentiate into?

Answer 2

Magakaryoblast
Proerythroblast
Myeloblast
Mast

Question 3

What -cyte cells do myeloblasts differntiate into?

Answer 3

Myelocyte
Monocyte

Question 4

What are the 3 types of Myelocytes?

Answer 4

E
B
N

Question 5

What is a broad term for all myelocyte derivatives?

Answer 5

Granulocytes

Question 6

What cells are considered granulocytes?

Answer 6

Eosinophils
Basophils
Neutrophils

Question 7

What do monocytes differentiate into?

Answer 7

Macrophages
Dendritic

Question 8

What do lymphoid precursors differentiate into?

Answer 8

Lymphoblasts
Dendritic

Question 9

What do lymphoblasts differentiate into?

Answer 9

Prolymphocytes

Question 10

What do prolymphocytes differentiate into?

Answer 10

Natural Killers
Small Lymphocytes

Question 11

What do small lymphocytes differentiate into?

Answer 11

B cells
T cells

Question 12

What do B cells differentiate into?

Answer 12

Plasma cells

Question 13

What do T cells differentiate into?

Answer 13

Helpers
Cytotoxic
Regulatory

Question 14

What do megakaryoblasts differentiate into?

Answer 14

Megakaryocytes

Question 15

What do megakaryocytes produce?

Answer 15

Thrombocytes

Question 16

What do proerythroblasts differentiate into?

Answer 16

Reticulocytes

Question 17

What do reticulocytes differentiate into?

Answer 17

Erythrocytes

Question 18

What is normal erythrocyte morphology?
Shape, relative size, cytoplasm colour, life span, pale pattern

Answer 18

Biconcave disk, smaller than lymphocyte, pink, 120 days, 1/3 centre pale

Question 19

How do we describe increased variation in RBC size?

Answer 19

Anisocytosis

Question 20

How do we describe increased variation in RBC shape?

Answer 20

Poikilocytosis

Question 21

What is a paler than usual RBC called, and what does it indicate?

Answer 21

Hypochromic, reduced Hb (anaemia)

Question 22

What word describes a loss of central pallor, and what causes this?

Answer 22

Hyperchromic, thicker or rounder than normal

Question 23

What does a spherocyte look like, and what causes this?

Answer 23

Hyperchromic, round.
Loss of membrane without cytoplasm loss.

Question 24

What does an irregularly contracted cell look like, and what causes this?

Answer 24

Hyperchromic, irregular outline, small.
Oxidant damage to membrane and Hb.

Question 25

How do we describe increased blue tinge of RBC?

Answer 25

Polychromasia

Question 26

What does polychromasia indicate?

Answer 26

Immature cells- reticulocytes.
Indicate shortened RBC life/increased production.

Question 27

What are cells with a central accumulation of Hb called?

Answer 27

Target cells/codocytes

Question 28

What pathologies do target cells indicate?

Answer 28

Obstructive jaundice
Liver disease
Haemoglobinopathies
Hyposplenism

Question 29

How do we name elliptical cells?

Answer 29

Elliptocytes

Question 30

What conditions do elliptocytes indicate?

Answer 30

Hereditary elliptocytosis
Iron deficiency (+pallor)

Question 31

What causes sickle cells?

Answer 31

Polymerisation of protein S

Question 32

What do basophilic nucelar remnants in RBCs look like?

Answer 32

A discrete purple spot in the cytoplasm

Question 33

What do we call a basophilic nuclear remnant in RBCs?

Answer 33

Howell-Jolly bodies

Question 34

What is the most common cause of Howell-Jolly bodies?

Answer 34

Splenic failure- spleen should remove basophilic nuclear remenants

Question 35

What do we call RBCs with IRREGULAR and LARGE spicules (membrane projections)?

Answer 35

Acanthocytes