Cell Divisons/stem Cells Flashcards
What molecule are chromosomes made from
DNA
What is a gene
Section of dna which codes for one characteristic in an individual
I’m body cells chromosomes are ushally found in…
PAIRS
How many chromosomes does a human body cell have?
Each one is made up of 23 pairs of chromosomes so 46 individual ones
What must happen to a cell before it divides?
Chromosome must be doubled so that it has twice as much dna as normal and it’s sun-cellular structures must duplicate
What happens during mitosis
single cell divides into two identical daughter cells (cell division). During mitosis one cell? divides once to form two identical cells. The major purpose of mitosis is for growth and to replace worn out cells.
What happens in the final stage of cell division
Telophase is the fifth and final phase of mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells.
What is a stem cell
Undifferentiated cell which has the ability to differentiate and become specialised to form any cell in the body
How can human embryonic cells be used
Stem cell therapy
Where can adult stem cells be found
small numbers in most adult tissues, such as bone marrow or fat.
What is meristem tissue in plants
unspecialised cells in plants that are capable of cell division.
Give two medical conditions that stem cells could be used to treat
Heart disease
Type 1 diabetes
In therapeutic cloning why are the stem cells from the embryo not rejected by the patients body
The immune system doesn’t identify the cell as “foreign”
Give two uses of plant cloning using meristem tissues
Identical plants can be grown quickly and efficiently 🡪 maximise crops so they can gain the most money
Plants can be developed with favourable characteristics 🡪 if you clone a plant that has resistance to a disease, all the clones will have this resistance!
