Cell division and Inheritance Flashcards
What does a gene contain?
The instructions needed to make a specific protein
What is gene?
A section of DNA
Put the following in size order, smallest first… Gene, chromosome, DNA, nucleus
DNA, gene, chromosome, nucleus
Do any people have identical DNA?
Yes, but only identical twins
What can we use a DNA fingerprint for?
Paternity testing or forensic science
What is mitosis?
When a cell reproduces by dividing to form two genetically identical copies of itself
What is mitosis used for?
Growth and repair
What is an allele?
A form of a gene.
What is a gamete?
A sex cell. Eggs, sperm and pollen
What happens to the chromosome number in meoisis?
It halves
How many cells are made after meiosis and what is special about them?
4 daughter cells all genetically unique
How many divisions takes place in mitosis?
One
How many divisions take place in meiosis?
Two
What are stem cells?
Undifferentiated cells
Where do you find stem cells?
Early embryos or in bone marrow
Why do some people think stem cells shouldn’t be used?
They feel human embryos are potential lives and therefore should not be used.
Which sex chromosomes do men have?
XY
Which sex chromosomes do women have?
XX
Who was Gregor Mendel?
An Austrian monk and the father of modern genetics
What is phenotype?
The genes which are expressed and the effect of the environment
What does homozygous mean?
Alleles are the same ie tt or TT
What does heterozygous mean?
Alleles are different ie Tt
What is genotype?
Which alleles you have
What is this?
Mitosis
What does this genetic fingerprint show?
That B and C are real twins
