Cell Division And Differentiation

Question 1

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 1

• Growth
• Repair
• Asexual reproduction

Question 2

What are the 3 stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 2

1. Interphase
2. Mitosis
3. Cytokinesis

Question 3

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 3

23

Question 4

What is the stage before mitosis?

Answer 4

Interphase

Question 5

What is the order of the stages of mitosis?

Answer 5

1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase

Question 6

What is the stage after mitosis?

Answer 6

Cytokinesis

Question 7

What happens in the interphase?

Answer 7

Cell organelles increase in number, DNA is duplicated

Question 8

What happens in the prophase?

Answer 8

The nucleus starts to break down and spindle fibres appear and the chromosomes become visible

Question 9

What happens in the metaphase?

Answer 9

The chromosomes line up along the spindle fibres across the middle of the cell

Question 10

What happens in the anaphase?

Answer 10

The chromosomes move to either end of the cell

Question 11

What happens in the telophase?

Answer 11

A membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to form nuclei

Question 12

What happens in cytokinesis?

Answer 12

A cell surface membrane forms to separate the 2 cells, cell walls are formed in plant cells

Question 13

What is a diploid cell?

Answer 13

A cell with two sets of chromosomes

Question 14

What is a haploid cell?

Answer 14

A cell with a single set of chromosomes

Question 15

Why is genetic variation needed?

Answer 15

To increase the species’ chance of survival

Question 16

What are the products of mitosis?

Answer 16

Two genetically identical diploid daughter cells

Question 17

What are the products of meiosis?

Answer 17

Four non identical haploid daughter cells

Question 18

How many divisions are involved in meiosis?

Answer 18

2

Question 19

How many divisions are involved in mitosis?

Answer 19

1

Question 20

What is meiosis?

Answer 20

Cell division producing 4 genetically different offspring

Question 21

What is cancer?

Answer 21

The result of changes in cells leading to uncontrolled cell division

Question 22

Where are stem cells found in plants?

Answer 22

In the meristems

Question 23

What are the names of stem cells found in humans?

Answer 23

• Embryonic stem cells
• Adult stem cells

Question 24

Once a young animal is fully developed, what is the role of stem cells?

Answer 24

Growth and repair, it can no longer specialise into any kind of cell

Question 25

Can plant stem cells specialise into any type of cell?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

Can embryonic stem cells specialise into any type of cell?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

What are the uses of stem cells

Answer 27

• Treating diabetes by replacing insulin producing cells
• Used for bone marrow transplants

Question 28

What are the disadvantages of using stem cells for medical research?

Answer 28

• If they continue divide after they have replaced damaged cells, they can cause cancer
• Can be killed by the patients immune system
• Ethical issues about using embryos for stem cells

Question 29

What are stem cells?

Answer 29

Cells that have not differentiated yet

Question 30

Where in plants are meristems?

Answer 30

In the roots and shoots

Question 31

What 3 measurements are used to monitor the growth of babies?

Answer 31

• Mass
• Length
• Head circumference

Question 32

Where are adult stem cells found?

Answer 32

In the bone marrow

Question 33

What is therapeutic cloning?

Answer 33

Producing an embryo with the same genetic make-up as the individual so embryonic stem cells can be harvested and used