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india unit 3 > cell division > Flashcards

cell division Flashcards

1
Q

how do Prokaryotes reproduce

A

binary fission

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2
Q

what is binary fission

A

where a cell simply splits into two.

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3
Q

how do Eukaryotes produce

A

mitosis, and meiosis.

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4
Q

what do organisms need new cells

A

growth, replacing old or damaged cells, and reproduction.

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5
Q

what do Mitosis and meiosis ensure

A

new cells function properly

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6
Q

what dose Mitosis and meiosis do.

A

making sure new cells have the appropriate amount of DNA.

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7
Q

can DNA be in different forms

A

yes

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8
Q

why would DNA be in different forms

A

depending on which step of cell division is occuring

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9
Q

what is is long thread-like pieces.

A

chromatin

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10
Q

what is DNA in the nucleus

A

chromatin

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11
Q

what forms when chromatin condenses before cell division

A

chromosomes

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12
Q

how many chromosomes do humans have in each cell

A

46

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13
Q

what are the two main phases of the cell cycle

A

interphase, Mitotic Phase or Cell Division

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14
Q

what are the three sub phases of interphase

A

G1, S, G2

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15
Q

what happens during G1

A

The cell grows and carries out its normal functions

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16
Q

what happens during S phase

A

Synthesis or replication of DNA occurs

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17
Q

what happens during G2

A

Cell grows, carries out normal functions, and prepares to divide

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18
Q

what is the the stage of the cell cycle when the cell is actully diving

A

mitotic phase or M phase.

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19
Q

what are the two parts of mitotic phase

A

mitosis, and cytokinesis

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20
Q

what is cytokinesis

A

division of the cytoplasm

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21
Q

what is mitosis

A

division of the nucleus & chromosomes.

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22
Q

what happens during phrophase

A

Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes
Nuclear envelope breaks down & nucleolus disappears
Spindle fibers form

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23
Q

what stage do Spindle fibers form

A

prophase

24
Q

what phase dose the Nuclear envelope breaks down & nucleolus disappears

A

prophase

25
Q

what phase dose the Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes

A

prophase

26
Q

what happens during metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell
Sister chromatids attach to a spindle fiber at the centromere

27
Q

in what stage do Sister chromatids attach to a spindle fiber at the centromere

A

metaphase

28
Q

in what stage do Chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell

A

metaphase

29
Q

what happens during anaphase

A

Centromeres split
Sister chromatids separate
Chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell by spindle fiber stretching
Cell stretches out

30
Q

in what stage dose the Cell stretches out

A

anaphase

31
Q

in what stage dose Chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell by spindle fiber stretching

A

anaphase

32
Q

in what stage do Sister chromatids separate

A

anaphase

33
Q

in what stage do centromeres split

A

anaphase

34
Q

what happens during Telophase & Cytokinesis

A

Chromosomes begin to uncoil
New nuclear envelope forms around each chromosome region
Cell pinches and splits the cell into two new cells.

35
Q

true or false, Cytokinesis occurs about the same time as telophase

A

true

36
Q

in which stage do Cell pinches and splits the cell into two new cells.

A

Telophase & Cytokinesis

37
Q

i what stage do Chromosomes begin to uncoil

A

Telophase & Cytokinesis

38
Q

in what stage dose New nuclear envelope forms around each chromosome region

A

Telophase & Cytokinesis

39
Q

how many parts dose an animal cell pinch into

A

two

40
Q

wherre dose an animal cell pinch at

A

cleavage furrow

41
Q

in a plant cell what will from to divide two daughter cells

A

cell plate

42
Q

how many parents are need in asexual reproduction

A

one

43
Q

how much dna dose the parnet pass to the off spring during asexual reproduction

A

all of it

44
Q

how many parents dose Sexual reproduction require

A

two

45
Q

what is The union of sperm and egg called

A

fertilization

46
Q

what is The product of fertilization called

A

zygote

47
Q

what is a zygote

A

the first cell of the new offspring

48
Q

how many sets of chromosomes will a cell have if it is a result of sexual reproduction

A

two sets

49
Q

what are the two sets of DNA that come from sexual reproduction called

A

homologous chromosomes

50
Q

what is A cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes called

A

diploid

51
Q

what produces produces identical daughter cells

A

mitosis

52
Q

Gametes conatine only a single set of chromosomes and are said to be what

A

haploids

53
Q

what occurs only in the production of gametes

A

meiosis

54
Q

what is the purpose of meiosis

A

to reduce the chromosome number in the gametes by half.

55
Q

in meiosis chromosomes replicate once in what phase of ingterphase

A

s phase

india unit 3 (5 decks)

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