Cell cycle and controlling the cell cycle

Question 1

What are the 2 main stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 1

Interphase and M phase

Question 2

Stages of Interphase

Answer 2

G1, S and G2 Phases

Question 3

What does the G1 phase involve?

Answer 3

The making of new proteins and copies of the organelles

Question 4

What does the S phase involve?

Answer 4

The replication of DNA

Question 5

What does the G2 stage involve?

Answer 5

The making of more proteins and copies of organelles in preparation for mitosis

Question 6

What happens during the M phase?

Answer 6

Mitosis and Cytokinesis both occur during this stage.

Question 7

What is the process of mitosis?

Answer 7

Mitosis consists of 4 stages -

Prophase,
Metaphase,
Anaphase,
Telophase,

Question 8

What does prophase involve?

Answer 8

Chromosomes coil up in preparation of being moved.
The cells microtubules start to disassemble and start to assemble spindle fibres and asters.
Some of the spindle fibres attach to the kinetochores at the centromeres of the chromosomes.
Nuclear membrane disintegrates

Question 9

What does Metaphase involve?

Answer 9

Spindle fibres move the chromosomes so they line up on the metaphase plate at the equator of the cell.

Question 10

What does Anaphase involve?

Answer 10

Spindle fibres move the sister chromatids apart. Once they are separated, each one is a chromosome on its own

Question 11

Telophase?

Answer 11

The separated chromosomes are pulled by the spindle fibres to opposite poles, to form daughter nuclei.
Chromosomes start to uncoil and a nuclear membrane is made again

Question 12

What happens during cytokinesis?

Answer 12

Membrane is pulled in by myosin and actin to divide the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells.
Plant cells have to form a middle lamella and cell wall before the membrane is made