Cell Cycle

Question 1

What is the cell cycle

Answer 1

Is a process that all body cells in multicellular organisms use to grow

Question 2

What are the functions of the cell cycle

Answer 2

. Growth of tissue/organisms (not of cells)
. Replacement of worn out/damaged cells
. Repair of body tissue (not cells) (eg muscles, bones etc)
. Asexual reproduction/cloning

Question 3

End product of cell cycle is ……..

Answer 3

2 genetically identical daughter cells

Question 4

3 stages of interphase

Answer 4

G1, S and G2

Question 5

G1

Answer 5

. First phase of cell cycle, synthesis of proteins, organelles replicate Ed mitochondria, ribosomes etc. Cell increases in size
. End of G1 checkpoint

Question 6

S phase

Answer 6

Synthesis phase. Replication of each chromosome in the nucleus

Question 7

G2 phase

Answer 7

Second growth phase, cell continues to grow in size. Replicated DNA is checked for errors. Energy (ie ATP molecules) is increased

End of G2 checkpoint

Question 8

Mitotic Phase

Answer 8

Is the phase where the cell actually divides

. The two stages of this phase are mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 9

4 stages of mitosis

Answer 9

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 10

What does G1 check for

Answer 10

. Cell size
. Nutrients
. Growth factors
. DNA Damage

Question 11

What G2 check for

Answer 11

. Cell size

. DNA replication

Question 12

Prophase

Answer 12

. Chromosomes condense and thicken (now visible)
. Consists of 2 SISTER CHROMATIDS joined at the centromere
. TWO CENTRIOLES MIGRATE to opposite poles of cells
. SPINDLE FIBRES attached to specific area (on centromere) and start moving chromosomes to the centre of the cell
. Nuclear envelope disappears