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Biology > Cell Cycle > Flashcards

Cell Cycle Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Regular body cells (skin, muscle)

A

Somatic cells

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2
Q

Are somatic cells a diploid or haploid

A

Diploid (2n)

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3
Q

Sex cells (sperm, egg)

A

Gamete (germ)

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4
Q

Are gamete cells/sex cells haploid or diploid

A

Haploid (n)

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5
Q

Diploid means…

A

Have 2 of each chromosome

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6
Q

Haploid means…

A

1 of each chromosome

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7
Q

Haploid cells will ____

A

Fuse

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8
Q

Why do somatic cells divide

A

DNA overload

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9
Q

The larger the cell volume, the ______ the diffusion

A

Slower

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10
Q

What is the cell cycle

A

The life of a cell

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11
Q

What is interphase

A

Cell is growing and preparing for the cell division

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12
Q

What are the 3 phases of interphase

A

G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase

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13
Q

What phase is cell division

A

M phase

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14
Q

What is cell division

A

Process of one cell forming two daughter cells

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15
Q

What is mitosis

A

Nuclear division and cytokinesis. In eukaryotic cells.

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16
Q

What is cytokinesis

A

Cytoplasm division

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17
Q

What are the phases of cell division IN ORDER

A 
Interphase
Prophase 
Metaphase
Anaphase 
Telophase 
Cytokinesis
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18
Q

What is the structure that connects two chromatids

A

Centromere

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19
Q

Each individual chromosome in a connected pair

A

Chromatid

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20
Q

Formed in prophase; chromosomes move along this

A

Spindle fiber

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21
Q

Forms across the centre of the cell at the end of telophase

A

Cleavage

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22
Q

A pair of chromosomes connected by a centromere

A

Chromosomes

23
Q

What phase does Chromatin condenses into chromosomes

A

Prophase

24
Q

What phase does individual chromosomes move apart

A

Anaphase

25
Q

What phase do daughter cells enter immediately after cytokinesis

A

Interphase

26
Q

In this stage, chromosomes are lined up in the centre of the cell

A

Metaphase

27
Q

In this phase, two new daughter cells are formed

A

Cytokinesis

28
Q

In this phase, two new nuclear envelopes form around the chromosomes. Cleavage begins to appear

A

Telophase

29
Q

What is a karyotype

A

An image of all the Chromosomes in a cell

30
Q

How many chromosomes are in a human

A

46

31
Q

What are homologous chromosomes

A

Two chromosomes. One inherited from the mother and one inherited from the father

32
Q

What cell undergoes mitosis

A

Somatic cells

33
Q

What is the largest chromosome’s number

A

1

34
Q

What is the smallest chromosome’s number

A

22

35
Q

What are the homologous chromosomes (#1-22) called

A

Autosomes

36
Q

What are the 23rd paired of chromosomes called

A

Sex chromosomes

37
Q

What do the sex chromosomes do

A

Control the development of sexual characteristics

38
Q

What are the two chromosomes in a human

A

XY

39
Q

What gender is the human with XX chromosomes

A

Female

40
Q

What gender is the human with XY chromosomes

A

Male

41
Q

Type of cell division where one somatic cell produces 4 gametes and is in prokaryotes

A

Meiosis

42
Q

Each gamete contains _____ of the number of chromosomes as the body cell which makes it a haploid

A

Half

43
Q

What are the phases of meiosis

A 
Prophase 1
Metaphase 1
Anaphase 1
Telophase 1
Prophase 2
Metaphase 2
Anaphase 2
Telophase 2
44
Q

How many sperm cells do men have at the end of meiosis

A

4

45
Q

What is formed in meiosis for women

A

One egg cell

3 polar bodies

46
Q

What happens to the two haploids during fertilization

A

They form a diploid

47
Q

What happens during prophase 1

A

Crossing over, or, an exchange of chromosomes happens between homologous chromosomes

48
Q

What are 3 reasons cells would need to divide

A

DNA overload
Exchange of material trouble
Surface to volume ratio

49
Q

Where is DNA stored

A

In the nucleus of the cell

50
Q

Which phases does the cell experience growth

A

Interphase

51
Q

What is replicating in the S phase

A

Chromosomes

52
Q

What are the G1, S, and G2 phases called collectively

A

The interphase

53
Q

What phase is cell division occurring

A

The M phase

54
Q

What are the 2 new cells called after cell division

A

Somatic cells and daughter cells

Biology (11 decks)

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