Cell Bio Quiz 2

Question 1

What are the three options to visualize live cells that glow?

Answer 1

FRET, FRAP, and watch the fluorescent protein movement

Question 2

What does FRAP stand for?

Answer 2

Fluorescence recovery after photo bleaching

Question 3

What is the process of FRAP.

Answer 3

This tracks the rate of protein movement.
1. Take a cell with molecular clone
2. Laser to photos bleach fluorescent patch from one area of the cell
3. What for recovery in bleached area
Takes ms time for recovery.

Question 4

What does FRET stand for?

Answer 4

Fluorescent resonance energy transfer.

Question 5

What are the steps of FRET?

Answer 5

Determine if two proteins are interacting
1. You have to use fluorescent proteins that are one color apart (like blue and green)
2. If apart, and you excite blue and emit with green you only see X
3. If together and you excite blue and emit green you see X and Y

Question 6

How many colors should be used during FRET?

Answer 6

3 colors if done correctly

Question 7

What is electron microscopy?

Answer 7

Electrons are used as energy source
- used fixed cells only
- uses electron gun
- strained by salts and heavy metals
- COLLECTS AND DETECTS ELECTRONS SCATTERED
- generated image on screen (no ocular)

Question 8

What is scanning electron microscopy?

Answer 8

Form of electron microscopy; Shows the surface image/structures

Question 9

What is transmission electron microscopy?

Answer 9

Form of electron microscopy; Shows the internal image structures

Question 10

What is subcellular fractionation?

Answer 10

Collect component of the cell

Question 11

Steps of subcellular fractionation

Answer 11

• Generate cellular lysate by using sonication, mild detergent, ripping plasma membrane to force cells out through small opening, or homogenize (blender).
• centrifugation

Question 12

What is certification

Answer 12

Allows the separation of organelles based upon their physical properties (reducing complexity)

Question 13

What does centrifugation start with in the tube?

Answer 13

Cellular lysate

Question 14

What happens after centrifugation?

Answer 14

Materials start to divide leaving pellet at the bottom and liquid supernatant on top

Question 15

In tube 1 of centrifugation, what material is found?

Answer 15

The nuclei

Question 16

In tube 2 of centrifugation, what material is found?

Answer 16

Mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes

Question 17

In tube 3 of centrifugation, what material is found?

Answer 17

Microsomes and small vesicles

Question 18

In tube 4 of centrifugation, what material is found?

Answer 18

Ribosomes

Question 19

What would happen if you centrifuge without transfer?

Answer 19

Pellet would contain components of the cell that are unwanted.

Question 20

Totipotent

Answer 20

Unlimited capability, like fertilized eggs or zygotes

Question 21

Pluripotent

Answer 21

Can give rise to most but not all cell types

Question 22

Multipotent

Answer 22

Committed to give rise to multiple cell types that have particular functions

Question 23

In multipotent, what is dividing?

Answer 23

Hematopoietic stem cells become blood cells and intestinal become epithelial stem cells

Question 24

Differentiated

Answer 24

A cell with a committed fate

Question 25

Hematopoietic

Answer 25

When it divides to become lymphoid progenitor or myeloid progenitor and is constantly signaling to make more differentiated cells

Question 26

Intestinal epithelial cells

Answer 26

Multipotent sheets of cells

Question 27

Signals

Answer 27

Make proteins to express gene crypt is a niche where some stay as Stem sells and some differentiate.

Question 28

What does the crypt contain?

Answer 28

Stem cells in the intestinal epithelium, and the cells will receive a signal to divide pushing the sales next to them, and they become transit amplify

Question 29

The more you divide _______

Answer 29

The more signals produced

Question 30

What is a niche?

Answer 30

A micro environment, location of stem cells signally to maintain some stem cells and differentiate some cells.

Question 31

Example of a niche

Answer 31

Bone marrow, breast tissue

Question 32

What does a lymphoid progenitor become?

Answer 32

It will become NK, T, cell, B, cell, dendrite, cell, or differentiated cells

Question 33

What will amyloid progenitor become?

Answer 33

Become a blood cell, platelets, or differentiated cells

Question 34

My Lloyd propagator and lymphoid preen Ater are both constantly________

Answer 34

Dividing

Question 35

When a cell receives signals, how does it respond?

Answer 35

Surviving dying, dividing, or migrating or differentiating

Question 36

How do you turn protein activity on and off?

Answer 36

By phosphorylating proteins or by adding GTP or GDP

Question 37

What are the four signaling modes?

Answer 37

Juxtacrine, paracrine, autocrine, endocrine

Question 38

What is juxtacrine?

Answer 38

When a cell directly communicates to the neighboring cell. The signal is not released, but it is still received. Example is cadherine and interim

Question 39

What is paracrine?

Answer 39

A medium range, signaling where cell releases signal and it can travel one to 20 cell diameters away. An example is neurotransmitters.

Question 40

What is autocrine?

Answer 40

Self signaling, where the cell is released and received create more. Example is cytokine.

Question 41

What is endocrine?

Answer 41

Long range, signaling where a signal will be released, it will travel through the blood, and will be received by cell far away. Hormones from endocrine glands is an example.