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MY NOTES > CC > Flashcards

CC Flashcards

AIM TO TOP!

1
Q

Analytes affected by HEMOLYSIS: “PMALICK”

A
  • Phosphate
  • Magnesium
  • Ammonia
  • ALT, AST, ACP
  • LD
  • Iron
  • Catecholamine
  • CK
  • K
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2
Q

⬆️ Analytes - AFTERNOON: PTAG

A
  • PTH
  • TSH
  • ACP
  • GH
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3
Q

⬇️ Analytes: AFTERNOON: CAPAI

A
  • Cortisol
  • ACTH
  • Plasma Renin
  • Aldosterone
  • Insulin
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4
Q

Analytes that requires CHILLING

A

Ammonia, Blood Gas

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5
Q

Photosensitive Analytes:

A
  • Bilirubin
  • CK
  • Vitamin A
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6
Q

Specimen for electrolyte analysis:

A

Heparinized Plasma

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7
Q

Specimen for HbA1c:

A

EDTA Whole Blood

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8
Q

AC of choice for lipoprotein:

A

EDTA

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9
Q

AC of choice for blood gas studies:

A

Lithium Heparin

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10
Q

Rate of glycolysis at room temp: 7 rooms

A

7 mg/dL/hr

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11
Q

Rate of glycolysis at 4°C (ref temperature) : 2 REFs

A

2 mg/dL/hr

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12
Q

Whole blood glucose is _____ than serum glucose

A

10-15% lower

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13
Q

10% contamination with 5% dextrose

A

Increase glucose by 500 mg/dL

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14
Q

GLUCOSE LEVELS:

A

Whole Blood < Venous < Capillary

Arterial = Capillary

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15
Q

REFERENCE METHODS:

A
  • Lipoprotein: Ultracentrifugation
  • Cholesterol: Abell Kendall
    • one step method: Liebermann-Burchardt
    • three step method: Abell Kendall
  • TAG: Modified Van Handel
  • Glucose: Hexokinase
  • GFR: Inulin Clearance
  • BUN, Crea, Uric acid: Isotope-Dilution Mass Spectrometry
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16
Q

TYPE I DM:

A
  • Juvenile onset
  • Insulin-dependent DM
  • Autoimmune, Beta cell destruction
  • With ketoacidosis
  • Low C-peptide levels
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17
Q

TYPE II DM:

A
  • Adult onset
  • Non-insulin dependent DM
  • Lifestyle, Insulin resistant
  • Rare ketoacidosis
  • Normal C-peptide levels
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18
Q

GLYCOSYLATED Hgb: Long term glucose monitoring

A

GLYCOSYLATED Albumin: Short term glucose monitoring

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19
Q

Glycogen Storage Disease: 6
VP Cori Ay May HERSheys 🍫

A

1 - Von Gurke: * GG ↔️ G6phosphatase
2 - Pompe: * PoLys ↔️ Lysosomal a glucosidase
3 - Cori: * CD ↔️ Debranching enzyme
4 - Andersen: * AB ↔️ Branching enzyme
5 - McArdle: * MM ↔️ Muscle phosphorylase
6 - Hers: * LivHer ↔️ Liver phosphorylase

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20
Q

Minor LPP

A

IDL, Lp (a)

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21
Q

Sinking pre-beta LPP:

A

Lp (a)

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22
Q

Floating beta LPP:

A

B-VLDL

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23
Q

LPP in obstructive jaundice:

A

LpX

24
Q

Hyperthyroidism:

A

LOW CHOLE/TG

25
Q

Hypothyroidism:

A

HIGH CHOLE/TG
HIGH SERUM ALBUMIN

26
Q

Fredrickson’s Classification of Dyslipoproteinemia:

A
  1. Familial LPL Deficiency ↔️ CM
  2. 2a. Familial Hypercholesterolemia ↔️ VLDL
    2b. Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia ↔️ LDL, VLDL
  3. Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia ↔️ B-VLDL, IDL (+)
  4. Familial Hypertriglyceridemia ↔️ VLDL
  5. Endogenous Hypertriglyceridemia ↔️ CM, VLDL
27
Q

Alpha 1 Globulins:

A
  • a1 antitrypsin
  • a1 acid GP/orosomucoid
  • a1 antichymotrypsin
  • a1 fetoprotein
  • Gc globulin
  • Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor
  • Thyroxine binding globulin
  • HDL
28
Q

Alpha 2 Globulins: “CHA”

A
  • Ceruloplasmin
  • Haptoglobin
  • a2 macroglobulin
29
Q

Beta Globulins: “H Burger TLC”

A
  • Hemopexin
  • B2 microglobulin
  • Transferrin
  • LDL
  • C3, CRP
30
Q

Gamma Globulins:

A
  • Immunoglobulin
  • CRP (Henry)
31
Q

Liver cirrhosis

A

Beta-gamma binding
Increased IgA

32
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

Monoclonal gammopathy

33
Q

Chronic Inflammation

A

Polyclonal gammopathy

34
Q

Acute Inflammation

A

Increased alpha 1 and alpha 2 globulins

35
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome

A

Alpha 2 globulin SPIKE
Increased a2-macroglobulin

36
Q

Emphysema

A

Decreased alpha 1 globulin

37
Q

EARLIEST pancreatic marker:

A

AMYLASE

38
Q

MOST SPECIFIC pancreatic marker:

A

LIPASE

39
Q

MOST HEAT STABLE ALP: Placental ALP

A

MOST HEAT LABILE ALP: “BB” Bone ALP

40
Q

Order of ALP isoenzyme migration: LBPI

A

Liver ↔️ Bone ↔️ Placental ↔️ Intestinal

41
Q

Enzyme with LEAST TISSUE SPECIFICITY:

A

LD

42
Q

Forward reaction for LD: WACKER

A

Reverse reaction for LD: WROBLEUSKI LA DUE

43
Q

6 or more consecutive values distributed on one side of the mean, can be caused by IMPROPER CALIBRATION

A

SHIFT

44
Q

6 or more consecutive values that continue to either increase or decrease, can be caused by REAGENT DETERIORATION.

A

TREND

45
Q

Ability to detect a small quantity of analyte

A

Analytical SENSITIVITY

46
Q

Ability to detect only the analyte of interest

A

Analytical SPECIFICITY

47
Q

POSITIVE RESULT IN THE PRESENCE OF DISEASE

A

Diagnostic SENSITIVITY - positive

48
Q

NEGATIVE RESULT IN THE ABSENCE OF DISEASE

A

Diagnostic SPECIFICITY - negative

49
Q

Measure amount of light scattered

A

NEPHELOMETRY

50
Q

Measure amount of light blocked

A

TURBIDIMETRY

51
Q

Reference method for calcium and magnesium

A

AAS : Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

52
Q

PROTEIN FUNCTION

A
  • Indicator of malnutrition: PREALB/Transthyretin
  • Carrier of copper: Ceruloplasmin I
  • Carrier of hemoglobin: Haptoglobin
  • Carrier of heme: Hemopexin
  • Carrier of iron: Transferrin
  • Found between beta and gamma: Fibrinogen
53
Q

SODIUM

A

Increased:
- Dehydration
- Diabetes insipidus
- Hyperaldosteronism/Conn’s

Decreased:
- Diuretics, SIADH
- Hypoaldosteronism
- Myxedema
- RTA

54
Q

POTASSIUM

A

Increased:
- Dehydration
- Hemolysis
- Addison’s disease
- Tacrolimus, Cyclosporine

Decreased:
- Vomiting
- Hyperaldosteronism/ Conn’s
- Cushing’s syndrome
- Diuretics

55
Q

CHLORIDE

A

Increased:
- Diabetes insipidus
- RTA
- Salicylate intoxication

Decreased:
- Vomiting
- Hypoaldosteronism
- Salt-losing nephritis

56
Q

CALCIUM

A

Increased:
- Multiple myeloma
- Hyperparathyroidism

Decreased:
- Vit. D deficiency
- Hypoparathyroidism

57
Q

PHOSPHORUS

A

Increased:
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Renal failure

Decreased:
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Alcohol abuse

MY NOTES (3 decks)

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