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Elizabethans > Catholic Threat > Flashcards

Catholic Threat Flashcards

1
Q

How many Catholics did Elizabeth order for execution over during her rule?

A

At least 200

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2
Q

How many Catholics were there at the beginning of Liz’s rule and end of her rule?

A

1558 = 3 million Catholics
1603 = 40,000 Catholics

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3
Q

Who is a Catholic nobleman you learn about?

A

Sir Thomas Tresham in 1580 was 37 years old and was a wealthy landowner and farmer in Northamptonshire + Came from a strong Catholic gentry family

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4
Q

What two laws were passed at the beginning of Liz’s reign?

A

Act of Uniformity (1559)
Act of Supremacy (1559)

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5
Q

What did Liz reward Tresham with?

A

Made him the Sheriff of Northamptonshire in 1573

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6
Q

How much did Recusants have to pay for every service they missed?

A

12d which was 3 or 4 days wages for a labourer

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7
Q

When was Tresham arrested and for what?

A

1581 = due to allowing priests to hide in his home
1599 = In prison for debt

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8
Q

What are the 4 main responses of Catholics to Elizabeth’s religious laws by 1580?

A
  • Conformers
  • Church papists
  • Plotters
  • Recusants
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9
Q

Where were most of the conformers?

A

A larger proportion of Catholics in the south and east

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10
Q

Where were most of the Church papists?

A

Most Catholics in the north and west

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11
Q

How many plotters were there?

A

Very, very few with never more than 200 or so

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12
Q

How many were recusants and where?

A

Several thousand especially in the north and west

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13
Q

When did MQoS flee from Scotland and why?

A

1568 = She flees to England following a Protestant uprising in Scotland

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14
Q

Who excommunicated the Liz and when?

A

Pope Pius V in 1570

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15
Q

Who announces that it isnt a sin for a Catholic to murder Liz?

A

Pope Gregory XIII

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16
Q

Who was English priest that was in exile and very influential?

A

William Allen

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17
Q

Who ran two seminaries abroad/from where and when?

A

William Allen by 1580 with one in France and the other at Rome in Italy

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18
Q

How many Seminary priests were sent to England by 1603?

A

438

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19
Q

Who were the very first Jesuit priests to return to England?

A

Robert Persons and Edmund Campion were smuggled in heavy disguise in June 1580

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20
Q

What act was passed to stop the revival of Catholic recusnacy?

A

Act of Persuasions in 1581

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21
Q

What did the Act of Persuasions do?

A
  • Raise the fine by 20K % to £20 per month
  • £200 for persistent recusants per year
  • £66 fine for anyone who attended Mass
    etc
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22
Q

Who provided patronage to Thomas Tresham and ended it?

A

William Cecil

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23
Q

What did Campion do?

A

August 1580 = Pamphlet written by him was printed and distributed by Catholics from a secret printing press in Oxfordshire

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24
Q

When was Campion captured and by who?

A

In July 1581/at Lyford Grange,Oxfordshire by George Elliot the priest catcher

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25
Q

How were the names of Catholics that helped him were reveled and an example?

A

He was tortured on the rack and revealed the names e.g Thomas Tresham

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26
Q

When was his trial and which government spies said he called for Catholics to rebel?

A

November 1581 and Andrew Munday + George Eliot and was found guily of treason

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27
Q

When and where was Campion executed?

A

At Tyburn on the 1st Dec 1581 where he was hung, drawn and quartered with 2 other priests

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28
Q

When did the Throckmorton plot happen?

A

1583

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29
Q

Who was involved in the Throckmorton plot?

A

Walsingham, Robert Persons, Francis Throckmorton, Duke of Guise, MQoS, Pope and Philip II and William Cecil

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30
Q

What was the result of the Throckmorton plot?

A

William Cecil persuaded Elizabeth to pass the Bond of Association

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31
Q

Who killed William of Orange and when?

A

Dutch Protestant prince William of Orange was killed by a Catholic subject of Phillip II of Spain

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32
Q

Who does Liz sign a treaty with and when?

A

1585 - She signs a treaty with Dutch Protestant rebels to fight against Catholic Spain

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33
Q

What did 4 priests do in 1582?

A

4 priests broke into York prison to say Mass with Catholics there with one being capture as they tried to climb out

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34
Q

What act was passed to stop Catholic resistance at its core?

A

Act against priests in 1585

35
Q

When did Thomas Tresham make a petition to Liz and why?

A

1585 - A petition promising the loyalty of her Catholic subjects yet it made no difference the arrests continued

36
Q

When did the Babington plot happen?

A

1586

37
Q

Who was involved in the Babington plot?

A

MQoS, Anthony Babington, John Ballard, Thomas Phelippes, Walsingham

38
Q

When was Babington and Ballard arrested and executed?

A

Early August and then September 1586

39
Q

Where was MQoS being held?

A

Staffordshire during the Babington plot

40
Q

Which butcher’s wife was accused of sheltering priests?

A

Margaret Clitherow from York in 1586

41
Q

How did Li pass to increase her income from fining Catholics and what did it do?

A

Another Recusancy Act in 1587 which allowed the government to take 2/3rds of land owned from any recusant who had fallen behind on paying fines

42
Q

When was MQoS executed?

A

1587

43
Q

When was the Spanish Armarda defeated?

A

1588

44
Q

How many Catholic laymen were executed for aiding priests or for encouraging Protestant to convert?

A

11 in 1588

45
Q

When was Thomas Tresham arrested?

A

1588

46
Q

When was Thomas Tresham released and what did he describe himself as?

A

1590 and “disgraced, debased and scorned”

47
Q

What did the government pass to add to Catholics’ social isolation?

A

Act Restraining Recusants in 1593

48
Q

When did Thomas Tresham die?

A

1605

49
Q

Who were the the 4 main agents of the hundreds of agents who acted as Walsingham’s eyes and ears?

A
  • Anthony Munday
  • William Parry
  • Charles Sledd
  • George Eliot (Judas Eliot)
50
Q

How many priest had been executed before 1580 in England?

A

Two seminary priests had been executed in 1577

51
Q

When was there an increase in the amount of priests being executed and why?

A

In the late 1580s when England was at most risk of an actual invasion by Spanish forces acting with the Pope’s blessing

52
Q

What did Richard Rowlande publish in 1587?

A

A book criticized her chief torturer Richard Topcliffe

53
Q

When did Robert Persons leave England?

A

1581

54
Q

When did the priest appoint a special Archpriest and why?

A

1598 = to decide how to support English Catholics but the two different types priests argued about him as well

55
Q

By 1580 how long had Mary been living in comfortable captivity

A

12 years

56
Q

When and where was Mary put on trial?

A

12th October 1586 at Fotheringhay Castke

57
Q

When was MQoS executed [specific date]?

A

8th Feb 1587

58
Q

Which rebellion was put down and when?

A

The Northern Rebellion in 1569 which has little popular support

59
Q

Which plot was discovered to murder Liz and when?

A

Ridolphi plot in 1571

60
Q

What was France busy with and when?

A

By 1580, France was divided and distracted by their own struggles between ruling Catholics and Protestants

61
Q

What did English sailors do to Spanish ports and ships and when?

A

English sailors like Drake and Hawkins acted like pirates attacking Spanish ports and ships in the New World throughout the 1570s

62
Q

What did Liz do in the 1570s to make Philip II angry

A

Sent money to aid Protestant Dutch rebels

63
Q

What did Liz send as part of the treaty with Dutch rebels?

A

1585- Sent the Earl of Leicester with an army of 7K men to fight in the Netherlands and stop Spanish advances

64
Q

What did Francis Drake due at the same time as the EoL fight?

A

Sailed to the West Indies and attacked Spanish ports and returned with treasure from Spanish ships

65
Q

Where were English ships kept due to winds?

A

In Plymouth and they wanted to attack the Armada before it got into the English Channel

66
Q

Who was the commander of the English fleet?

A

Lord Howard of Effingham

67
Q

What were casualties of English side caused by Liz?

A

Liz kept sailors on board the ship since she could not afford to pay them. Thousands died of hunger and disease

68
Q

How many warships did either side have?

A

Both sides had about 30 to 35 warships

69
Q

Who lead the Spanish Armarda?

A

Duke of Median Sidonia

70
Q

How many troops was the Armada going to collect from Netherlands?

A

20,000 troops led by Duke Parma

71
Q

When was the surprise attack by Francis Drake that delayed the sailing of the Armada and damaged many ships and where?

A

1587 at the Spanish port of Cadiz

72
Q

When was the Armada ready to sail?

A

July 1588

73
Q

How many ships sailed up the English Channel?

A

130 ships chased by English ships

74
Q

How many Spanish men and English men died at the attack near Gravelines?

A

1000 Spanish men died and 50 English were killed due to Spanish guns being unreliable but English ones working well

75
Q

How ships returned bac to Spain and how many were lost?

A

44 Spanish ships off Scotland and Ireland were wrecked from powerful storms with 80 struggling back

76
Q

How long did the war with Spain drag on till?

A

Until 1604

77
Q

What did Francis Drake lead to Portugal and when?

A

1589 = Led an “English Armarda” to attack Portugal and stir the Poruguese to revolt against Spain [failed]

78
Q

What happened in nothern Netherlands and when?

A

1594 = It became a secure Protestant area, virtually independent from Spain

79
Q

Who died at sea while attempting to raid Spanish ships and ports in the New World and when?

A

Francis Drake and John Hawkins

80
Q

What alliance was formed and when?

A

1595 = England formed an alliance with France and Protestant Netherlands against Spain

81
Q

What other Armadas were made against England and when?

A

1596 and 1597 = Phillip II sent Spain’s second and third Armadas against England - but both were wrecked by storms

82
Q

What happened in Ireland and when?

A

1601 = Spanish army landed in Ireland. Earl of Tyrone had started a Catholic rebellion against English rule
1594 = the Spanish hoped to help him win and create a base for an invasion of England.
Spanish force defeated
1603 = Tyrone’s rebellion finally ended

83
Q

When was the Treaty of London signed?

A

1604

84
Q

When did Phillip II died and who took over?

A

Died in 1598 and his son Phillip III took over

Elizabethans (2 decks)

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