Catabolism

Question 1

phosphofructokinase

Answer 1

Phosphorylates Fructose-6-phosphate. Important regulatory step. Non reversible. Allosteric Enzyme

Question 2

How is glycolysis regulated

Answer 2

High concentrations of ADT allosterically bind to phosphofructokinase,allowing the second phosphorylation event to occur.

Question 3

How does the Entner Duodoroff pathway differ from EMP

Answer 3

The first phase of EMP pathway.
Glucose is only activated by 1 phosphorylation reaction.
Produces 6phosphogluconate which is converted to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde, which enters EMP pathway

Question 4

What does ED pathway produce

Answer 4

1 ATP, 2 Pyruvate, and 1 NADH, and 1 NADPH

Question 5

What is an important intermediate only in ED and PPS

Answer 5

6-phosphogluconate

Question 6

Do Duodoroff pathway and PPS share an intermediate

Answer 6

Yes, 6-phosphogluconate

Question 7

Enzyme that converts Glucose 6-P to 6-phosphogluconate

Answer 7

Glucose-6-phospate-1-dehydrogenase, also produces NADPH

Question 8

What is unique about PPS and ED somwhat

Answer 8

It is an Amphibolic pathway

Question 9

What is special about NADPH

Answer 9

It is used as a source of electrons in biosynthesis reactions

Question 10

PPS imporatant intermediate

Answer 10

Ribulose-5-phophaste, It can be isomerized by various enzylmes. These isomers can made

Question 11

Eryhtrose-4-phosphate importance

Answer 11

Used for aromatic amino acid biosynthesis

Question 12

of carbons transferred in Transaldolase and transketolase

Answer 12

Transketolase transfers 2 carbons and transketolase transfers 3 carbons

Question 13

TWO enzymes critical for interconversions of sugars

Answer 13

Transketolase and Transaldolase

Question 14

Fermentation

Answer 14

catabolism without electron transport system and a terminal electron acceptor

Question 15

Where does ATP synthesis take place in fermentaiton

Answer 15

The conversion of Glyceraldehye-3-phosphate to Pyruvate

Question 16

Two key intermeediates for most fermentations

Answer 16

Pyruvate, and acetyy-CoA

Question 17

Key difference between fermentatation and nonfermentative growth

Answer 17

Electron in NADH donates its electrons to ETC in nonfermentative but it is donated back to an organic molecule to regenrate NAD+

Question 18

Other names for TCA cycle

Answer 18

Krebs cycle and citric acid cycle

Question 19

Two major roles of TCA cycle

Answer 19

Oxidation of pyruvate to CO2 with production of high energy P compounds and reducing equivalents,
Important source of Carbon skeleton during biosyntheis

Question 20

Describe fermentation and respiration

Answer 20

Fermentation is the partial breakdown of organic material without net electron transport to a final inorganic electron acceptor.
Respiration is the complete breakdown of organic material with electron transfer to a terminal electron acceptor.

Question 21

Photoheterotrophy

Answer 21

find out what this means

Question 22

Important intermediates in sugar, lipid, and amino acid catabolism/

Answer 22

In sugar metabolism, its pyruvate.

In lipid meatbolism, its glycerol, and acetate

Question 23

Name the three pathways of catabolism

Answer 23

Embden-meyerhoff parnas pathway
Entner-duodoroff pathway
Pentose Phosphate Shunt

Question 24

Important components of Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Answer 24

NAD->NADH, Pyruvate loses a carbon

Question 25

First step in TCA cycle

Answer 25

AcetylCoA donate acetyl group to oxaloacetate

Question 26

How many ATP can FADH2 and NADH make?

Answer 26

3 for NADH, 2 for Fadh2

Question 27

How many ATP are made by ETC

Answer 27

000000000000000000

Question 28

describe the glyoxylate pathway

Answer 28

isocitrate is broken down in glyoxylate and succinate via lyase and then glyoxylate takes an acetyl group from acetylcoa to form malate. no co2 is lost