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Alevel Human Geog - Migration > CASE STUDIES > Flashcards

CASE STUDIES Flashcards

1
Q

USA - current patterns o immigration and emigration

A
  • 2013- 41.3 million immigrants in USA , 13% of the population
  • Mexico (28%) , India (5%)
  • rapid growth since 21st century’s but rates are slowing
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2
Q

USA - reasons to immigrate

A

Positive immigration policy

Possibility of green card

Epmployment opportunities for both skilled and UN skilled

Health services, educational opportunities

Remittances

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3
Q

Migration policy - USA

A

Limit of 675,000pa immigrants permenant

Diff number for refuges

480,000 visas pa for reunification of families
140,000 for skills

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4
Q

Emigration. - USA

A

Net migration gain

But in 2013, there were 2.98 million us citizens living abroad

Main destinations are Mexico, Canada and Germany

High skilled—- countries with political and historical ties
Return of migrants such as Mexico adn American born children

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5
Q

Challenges - USA

A
  • 11.5 million unauthorised immigrants (6 million Mexican ) live in USA

Tighten security

Supply of resources and services- water demand in Southern California

Lots of unauthorised -integration difficult

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6
Q

Opportunities - USA

A

Take low paid , undesirable jobs

Working age immigrants
Immigrants- John creation and business start up creating Wealth
US IMMIGRATION POLICY - aim to attract highly skilled (2013- 73% of Indian migrants = business Na science

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7
Q

Braxzil - economy

A

7th largest in the world j

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8
Q

GDP - Brazil, biggest contributor ?

A

Revives ( 69%

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9
Q

What was Brazil’s migrants like in late 19th century

A

Net reciepient of migrants

Europeans and Japanese migrated there for work in agricultural sector ( coffee)

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10
Q

Political conflict - from…. To Brazil

A

Bolivia, Angola and Lebanon

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11
Q

Immigration to Brazil - iOS iot increasing or slowing

A

Slowing

80,000 fewerimmigratns livign in Brazil since 2000

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12
Q

Has emigration increased or not - Brazil

A

INCREASED
In 2013, 1.77 million Brazilians lived abroad ( 0.98 in 2002)

USA - Brazil’s main population

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13
Q

Current patterns of immigration and emigration - intra regional ) Brazil )

A

Net migration loss of 1/2 millio between 200-2204 adnd 5-9

  • increased from mercosur, chile and the Andean states
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14
Q

Inter regional migration - Brazil

A

Slowed rate to USA (no skills)
Increased rate to Europe , USA and Japan ( skilled)

Influx from Haiti and Africa
Rise in international labour migrants attracted by construction industry for the 2014 football World Cup adn olymoics

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15
Q

Portugal and BRAZIL

A

Brazil was a former colony of Portugal and today the Portuguese government gives special statement to Brasilian migrants , shared language

Portugal allowed Brazilians to have entry to eu ( economic reasons)

Remittances

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16
Q

USA adn BRAZILLLL

A

Many low skilled migrants livign in USA
High skilled Brazilians - service sector e,g. Education

USA has agreement it’s Brazil regarding agriculture, trade fiancé etc

USAID- support Brazilians, e.g. Environmental projects like training XANANTE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE o protect land from forest fires

17
Q

Haiti and Brazil

A

The national immigration concil for Brazil - enables Haitian immigrants to obtain visas easily, less trafficking

Natural disasters - benefit to Haitians who found it difficult to recover from earthquake 2010

Number of immigrants in Brazil from hati = 1681 (2010 )— 11,972 (2013)

18
Q

Economic development - Brazil

A

Waves of immigration at differnent periods from Japan , Portugal and other European countries have contributed to growth in agriculture and manufacturing sector

Highly skilled professionals + returning migrants trained in us

Migrant remittances - emigration to USA, Japan and European countries have increased remittances sent back to Brazil = 0.1% GDP

19
Q

Social equality = Brazil

A

UNESCO- inequalities exist in Brazil society between ethnic groups etc

Most affected - African

Poverty - rural areas and avelas

Predudice and discrimination in labour market impedes their full economic, political and social development

20
Q

Laos pdr

A 
Landlocked lidc
6.8 millio people 
SE Asia 
73% in agriculture 
Member of asean 
Net migration loss of 1.1 migrants /1000
21
Q

Why do people leave Laos

A

Lack f alternative jobs in rural areas insufficient land for farming
Drought = food insecurity
300 baht minimum wage in Thailand - 30 baht in Laos
Migrant remittances
Demand for unskilled labour in Thailand
Insufficient land for farming

22
Q

How many Laos born emigrants lived abroad ?

A

1.29 million

23
Q

Migration to Laos from Vietnam

A

Employment opportunities

World bank- funded programs - linking the countries in the region by bridges and tunnels

Work in construction and mining

24
Q

Migrations have been made easier by ?? (Laos )

A

Use of ‘broker’ to reach the Thai border adn access employment in Thailand

Familiarity with Thai culture and language

Improved access across the Mekong

25
Q

Challenges - migration Laos

A
  • most economic migrants from Laos are low skilled, of limited education and under 18 at first migration
  • Loss of skilled labour e.g. Carpernters and mechanics to Thailand
  • Laos government industry - largest sector of manufacturing government but growth depends on improvement of working conditions in Vientiane
26
Q

Opportunities -Laos migration

A

Migration corridor - largest of asean - political and economic cooperation in terms of trade, investment , development projects and security

Relationships with Vietnam - 400+ investment projects in Laos

Migrant remittances important- 22% of mainly live below poverty line

27
Q

Laos - Thailand relationship

A

Dominated by unskilled

Both members of COMMIT

Mekong river commission= manage flooding

Laos signed agreements to build rail links between Thailand and Vietnam in 2012

Thailand funded health service development and drugs treatment in Laos

28
Q

PDR

A

= people’s democratic republican

Alevel Human Geog - Migration (4 decks)

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