Case and Grammatical Relations + Morphosyntactic alignment

Question 1

Valency

Answer 1

Number of arguments required or implied by the verbal semantics

Question 2

Arguments

Answer 2

Phrases that expresses the participant(s) involved in the verb event

Question 3

What’s the difference between intransitive, transitive, and ditransitive verbs?

Answer 3

Intransitive verbs require only one core argument
Transitive verbs require two
Ditransitive verbs require three

Question 4

What does S, A, and P stand for?

Answer 4

Sole-like, Agent-like, and Patient-like arguments

Question 5

Nominative-accusative system

Answer 5

Nominative case refers to S and A (subjects); accusative refers to P (objects)

Question 6

Ergative-absolutive system

Answer 6

The S argument is treated the same as the P argument, but differently from the A argument
Absolutive: S & P; Ergative: A

Question 7

Agent-patient system

Answer 7

The more patient-like subject behave like patients; and the more agent-like subjects behave like subjects; split transitivity

Question 8

Tripartite Alignment system

Answer 8

SAP all have different alignment; Ergative marks A, Accusative marks P, INTR marks S (SUPER RARE)