CareerGuru99 Flashcards
What is the Swift Programming Language?
Swift is a programming language and system for creating applications for iOS and OS X. It is an innovative programming language for Cocoa and Cocoa Touch.
How do you define variables in Swift language?
Variables and constants must be declared before they are used. You announce constants with the let keyword and variables with the var keyword. Both variables and dictionaries are described using brackets. For example,
Var Guru99 = “This is Guru99”
Let ksomeconstant = 30
How is a Swift program deployed?
Swift program deploys the application in a Tomcat installation by default. The deploy script bundles the client code into JavaScript, gathers all the server side classes required and packages them into file Hello.war. This file together with a GWT jar and a Swift runtime jar is copied into the Tomcat installation. If CATALINA_HOME is not set, these files require to be copied manually.
What are the features of Swift Programming?
- It eliminates entire classes of unsafe code
- Variables are always initialized before use
- Arrays and integers are checked for overflow
- Memory is managed automatically
- Instead of using “if” statement in conditional programming, swift has “switch” function
What is the difference between Swift and ‘Objective-C’ language?
Swift:
In a swift, the variable and constants are declared before their use
You have to use “let” keyword for constant and “var” keyword for variable
There is no need to end code with semi-colon
Concatenating strings is easy in swift and allows to make a new string from a mix of constants, literals, variables, as well as expressions
Swift does not require to create a separate interface like Objective C. You can define classes in a single file (.swift)
Swift enables you to define methods in class, structure or enumeration
In Swift, you use “ +=” Operator to add an item
In objective C, you have to declare variable as NSString and constant as int
In objective C, variable is declared as “ and constant as “
The code ends with semi-colon
In objective C, you have to choose between NSMutableString and NSString for string to be modified.
For classes, you create separate interface (.h) and implementation (.m) files for classes
Objective does not allow this
In C, you use “addObject”: method of NSMutable array to append a new item to an array
What are the type of Swift integers?
Swift provides unsigned and signed integers in 8, 16, 32 and 64 bit forms. Similar to C these integers follow a naming convention. For instance, unsigned integer is denoted by type UInt8 while 32 bit signed integer will be denoted by type Int32.
What are the Floating point numbers and what are the types of floating number in Swift?
Floating numbers are numbers with a fractional component, like 3.25169 and -238.21. Floating point types can represent a wider range of values than integer types. There are two signed floating point number
Double: It represents a 64 bit floating point number, it is used when floating point values must be very large
Float: It represents a 32 bit floating point number, it is used when floating point values does not need 64 bit precision
Explain how multiple line comment can be written in swift?
Multiple line comment can be written as forward-slash followed by an asterisk (/) and end with an asterisk followed by a forward slash (/).
What is de-initializer and how is it written in Swift?
A de-initializer is declared immediately before a class instance is de-allocated. You write de-initializer with the deinit keyword. De-initializer is written without any parenthesis, and it does not take any parameters. It is written as
deinit {
// perform the deinitialization
}
What collection types are available in Swift?
In Swift, collection types come in two varieties Array and Dictionary
Array: You can create an Array of a single type or an array with multiple types. Swift usually prefers the former one
Example for single type array is,
Var cardName : [String] = [ “Robert” , “Lisa” , “Kevin”]
// Swift can infer [String] so we can also write it as:
Var cardNames = [ “Robert”, “Lisa”, “Kevin”] // inferred as [String]
To add an array you need to use the subscript println(CardNames[0])
Dictionary: It is similar to a Hash table as in other programming language. A dictionary enables you to store key-value pairs and access the value by providing the key var cards = [ “Robert”: 22, “Lisa” : 24, and “Kevin”: 26]
What control transfer statements are used in Swift?
Control transfer statements used in Swift includes
Continue
Break
Fallthrough
Return
Explain optional chaining.
Optional chaining is a process of querying and calling properties. Multiple queries can be chained together, and if any link in the chain is nil then, the entire chain fails.
How is base-class defined in Swift?
In Swift the classes are not inherited from the base class and the classes that you define without specifying its superclass, automatically becomes the base-class.
What is a Lazy stored property and when it is useful?
Lazy stored properties are used for a property whose initial values is not calculated until the first time it is used. You can declare a lazy stored property by writing the lazy modifier before its declaration. Lazy properties are useful when the initial value for a property is reliant on outside factors whose values are unknown.
What are the characteristics of Switch in Swift?
It supports any kind of data, and not only synchronize but also checks for equality
When a case is matched in switch, the program exists from the switch case and does not continue checking next cases. So you don’t need to explicitly break out the switch at the end of case
Switch statement must be exhaustive, which means that you have to cover all possible values for your variable
There is no fallthrough in switch statements and therefore break is not required
