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Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

The cardiovascular system is composed of three main categories of blood vessels

A
  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries
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2
Q

Unlike veins, arteries do not have _____________.

A

Valves

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3
Q

____________ vessels carry blood away from the heart.

A

Efferent

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4
Q

___________ vessels carry blood towards the heart.

A

Afferent

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5
Q

In ANA 162 all ____________carry oxygenated blood

A

Arteries

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6
Q

In ANA 162 all _____________ carry deoxygenated blood.

A

Veins

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7
Q

_______________ are microscopic vessels that connect the smallest arteries and veins.

A

Capillaries

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8
Q

The _____________ is responsible for all arterial supply to the head, neck and upper limbs

A

Arch of the aorta (aortic arch)

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9
Q

The three branches of the aortic arch are the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery and the ______________.

A

Left subclavian artery

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10
Q

The order of the branches of the arch of the aorta from right to left

A
  • Brachiocephalic trunk
  • Left common carotid artery
  • Left subclavian artery
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11
Q

The brachiocephalic trunk is the ____________ branch of the arch of the aorta. (Right to left)

A

First

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12
Q

Where is the arch of the aorta located

A

In the thorax

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13
Q

The brachiocephalic trunk divides into the right common carotid artery and the _______________________.

A

Right subclavian artery

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14
Q

Arteries have branches while veins have ______________.

A

Tributaries

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15
Q

______________ allows exchange between systems

A

Capillaries

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16
Q

Capillaries are thin __________ vessels

A

Walled

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17
Q

The _________________ travels to the right side of the head and neck

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

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18
Q

A _____________ is a ________ artery that quickly _____________

A

Trunk
Short
Divides

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19
Q

Brachio means

A

Arm

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20
Q

The two branches of brachiocephalic trunk

A

Right common carotid artery
Right subclavian artery

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21
Q

The ______ arteries supply the upper limbs.

A

Subclavian

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22
Q

The left subclavian artery originates from the _______________.

A

Aortic arch

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23
Q

The subclavian artery becomes the ____________ artery in the axilla.

A

Axillary

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24
Q

The right subclavian artery originates from the ______________.

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

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25
Q

How many branches does the subclavian artery have?

A

Four (4)

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26
Q

The subclavian artery travels ________ to the anterior scalene muscle

A

Posterior

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27
Q

The ___________ muscle divides the subclavian artery into three parts.

A

Anterior scalene

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28
Q

An important branch of the subclavian artery for blood supply to the brain is the _________.

A

Vertebral

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29
Q

The subclavian vein travels _______ to the anterior scalene muscle

A

Anterior

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30
Q

The ________ arteries supply the head, neck and brain.

A

Carotid

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31
Q

What are the two types of common carotid arteries

A
  • Internal carotid arteries
  • External carotid arteries
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32
Q

The left common carotid artery originates from the ____________.

A

Aortic arch

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33
Q

The right common carotid artery originates from the ______________.

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

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34
Q

The common carotid arteries are part of the ___________ sheath contents.

A

Carotid fascia

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35
Q

The carotid body is sensor of ________ changes in blood

A

Chemical

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36
Q

The two branches of the common carotid arteries are the internal carotid artery and the ____________ carotid artery.

A

External

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37
Q

Carotid _________ sensor for changes in blood _______.

A

Sinus
Pressure

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38
Q

How many branches do the common carotid arteries have?

A

Two (2)

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39
Q

The branches of the common carotid arteries

A
  • Internal carotid arteries
  • External carotid arteries
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40
Q

What two structures do the carotid arteries consist of?

A

Carotid body
Carrots sinus

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41
Q

The ______ body is a sensor for chemical changes in blood while the carotid _______ is a sensor for changes in blood pressure.

A

Carotid
Sinus

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42
Q

The external carotid arteries supply the neck __________ and face.

A

Head

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43
Q

The external carotid artery has a total of ________ branches.

A

Eight (8)

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44
Q

List the branches of the external carotid artery

A
  • Facial a.
  • Lingual a.
  • Superior thyroid a.
  • Ascending pharyngeal a.
  • Occipital a.
  • Posterior auricular a.
  • Maxillary a.
  • Superficial temporal a.
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45
Q

The _________ carotid arteries supply mainly the brain.

A

Internal

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46
Q

The internal carotid arteries enter the skull through the _______canal.

A

Carotid

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47
Q

Name the branches of the internal carotid artery

A
  • Middle cerebral a.
  • Anterior cerebral a.
  • Ophthalmic a.
  • posterior communicating a.
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48
Q

The two main arteries that supply the brain are the ___________arteries and the internal carotid arteries.

A

Vertebral

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49
Q

The vertebral arteries originate from the _____

A

Subclavian arteries

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50
Q

The vertebral arteries enter the skull through the ___________

A

Foramen magnum

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51
Q

The vertebral arteries are known as the ____________ circulation of the brain.

A

Posterior

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52
Q

The two vertebral arteries unite to form a single artery called the ______ artery.

A

Basilar

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53
Q

What does the basilar artery supply?

A
  • Brainstem
  • Cerebellum
  • Diencephalon
  • Small part of cerebrum
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54
Q

Major branches of the vertebral arteries are the ______ arteries, _________ ____________arteries and the posterior __________ artery.

A
  • Spinal
  • superior cerebellar
  • Cerebral
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55
Q

The internal carotid arteries are known as the_______ circulation of the brain.

A

Anterior

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56
Q

The internal carotid arteries supply the cerebrum and _______ brain structures.

A

Deep

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57
Q

Major branches of the internal carotid arteries

A

Anterior cerebral a.
Middle cerebral a.
Posterior communicating a.

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58
Q

The branches of the internal carotid artery and basilar artery connect with each other via the ______ communicating arteries.

A

Posterior

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59
Q

The arterial anastomosis of the brain forms the _______ also known as the cerebral arterial circle.

A

Circle of Willis

60
Q

The Circle of Willis is formed by _________ vessels.

A

Nine (9)

61
Q

Name five of the vessels that form the Circle of Willis

A
  • Posterior cerebral artery (x2)
  • Posterior communicating artery (x2)
  • Internal carotid artery (x2)
  • Anterior cerebral artery (x2),
  • Anterior communicating artery.
62
Q

The __________ cerebral artery is NOT part of the Circle of Willis.

A

Middle

63
Q

The major veins of the head and neck region include the :

A

internal jugular veins
external jugular veins
Subclavian veins
Superior vena cava
Cranial cavity venous sinuses

64
Q

The __________ jugular veins drain the brain and most of the head and neck structures.

A

Internal

65
Q

The internal jugular veins start at the __________ foramen.

A

Jugular

66
Q

The internal jugular veins are formed when the __________ sinuses unite.

A

Venous

67
Q

The__________ __________ veins accompany the __________ carotid arteries and ___________ carotid arteries.

A

internal
Jugular
Internal
Common

68
Q

The internal jugular veins are located within the __________ fascia sheath.

A

Carotid

69
Q

The internal jugular veins run deep to the __________ muscle.

A

Sternocleidomastoid

70
Q

The internal jugular veins receive several __________ tributaries along their course.

A

Venous

71
Q

The internal jugular veins unite with the __________ veins to form the ____________ veins.

A

Subclavian
Brachiocephalic

72
Q

The __________ jugular vein is a smaller superficial vein.

A

External

73
Q

The external jugular vein runs superficial to the __________ muscle.

A

Sternocleidomastoid

74
Q

The external jugular vein drains into the __________ vein.

A

Subclavian

75
Q

The __________ veins drain upper limb structures.

A

Subclavian

76
Q

The subclavian veins accompany the __________ arteries.

A

Subclavian

77
Q

The subclavian veins travel __________ to the anterior scalene muscle.

A

Anterior

78
Q

The __________ duct drains lymph from the left side of the body into the left _________ vein.

A

Thoracic
Subclavian

79
Q

The right _________ duct drains ________ from the right side of the body into the right __________ vein.

A

lymphatic

lymph

subclavian

80
Q

The subclavian veins unite with the ___________ jugular veins to form the __________ veins.

A

Internal
Brachiocephalic

81
Q

The __________ veins drain brain

A

head

82
Q

The brachiocephalic veins unite to form the __________.

A

Superior vena cava

83
Q

__________ venous sinuses are large venous channels that drain the brain.

A

Dural

84
Q

Dural venous sinuses are located between two layers of __________.

A

Dura mater

85
Q

Dural venous sinuses are located just deep to the __________ of the cranial cavity.

A

Bones

86
Q

Dural venous sinuses may cause __________ in the cranial bones.

A

Impressions

87
Q

Besides blood dural venous sinuses also collect __________.

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

88
Q

Ultimately dural venous sinuses drain into the __________ jugular vein.

A

Internal

89
Q

Name the venous sinuses

A

Superior sagittal sinus
Inferior sagittal sinus
Straight sinus
Transverse sinus
Sigmoid sinus

90
Q

Arteries have valves.

A

False, veins have valves

91
Q

Veins have tributaries.

A

True

92
Q

Capillaries are thick-walled vessels.

A

False, capillaries are thin walled vessels

93
Q

The brachiocephalic trunk is a long artery that supplies the lungs.

A

False, the brachiocephalic trunk is a short artery that quickly divides into the right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery

94
Q

The subclavian artery travels anterior to the anterior scalene muscle.

A

False, the subclavian arteries travels posterior to the anterior scalene muscle

95
Q

The carotid body senses changes in blood pressure.

A

(False)

96
Q

The external carotid artery remains within the carotid fascia sheath.

A

(False)

97
Q

The internal carotid artery supplies the face and scalp.

A

(False)

98
Q

The vertebral arteries are part of the anterior circulation of the brain.

A

(False)

99
Q

The Circle of Willis helps to ensure blood flow to the brain even if one of the major arteries is blocked.

A

(True)

100
Q

The middle cerebral artery is a direct branch of the basilar artery.

A

(False)

101
Q

The internal jugular vein runs superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

A

(False)

102
Q

The external jugular vein drains into the brachiocephalic vein.

A

(False)

103
Q

The subclavian vein travels posterior to the anterior scalene muscle.

A

(False)

104
Q

The brachiocephalic veins drain into the inferior vena cava.

A

(False)

105
Q

Dural venous sinuses are located within the brain tissue.

A

(False), they are located between 2 layers of dura mater

106
Q

The superior sagittal sinus is a dural venous sinus.

A

(True)

107
Q

Match the artery to its origin:

Artery:
a. Left common carotid artery b. Right common carotid artery c. Left subclavian artery d. Right subclavian artery

Origin:
1. Brachiocephalic trunk
2. Aortic Arch

A

Answers: a - 2 b - 1 c - 2 d - 1

108
Q

Match the vein to its destination:
Vein:
a. Internal jugular vein b. External jugular vein c. Subclavian vein d. Brachiocephalic vein

Destination:
1. Subclavian vein
2. Brachiocephalic vein
3. Superior vena cava

A

a - 2
b - 1
c - 2
d - 3

109
Q

What is the main function of arteries?

A

(Carry blood away from the heart)

110
Q

What is the main function of veins?

A

(Carry blood towards the heart)

111
Q

What is the function of valves in veins?

A

(Prevent backflow of blood)

112
Q

What is the clinical significance of the carotid body?

A

(Monitors blood chemistry and regulates breathing)

113
Q

Why is the Circle of Willis important?

A

Provides collateral circulation to the brain

114
Q

What is the difference between the internal and external jugular veins?

A

Internal drains brain and deeper structures external drains superficial structures

115
Q

What is the function of the dural venous sinuses?

A

Drain blood and CSF from the brain

116
Q

The __________ is the largest artery in the body.

A

Aorta

117
Q

The __________ are the smallest blood vessels.

A

Capillaries

118
Q

The __________ side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs.

A

Right

119
Q

The __________ side of the heart pumps blood to the body.

A

Left

120
Q

The __________ is the muscular layer of the heart wall.

A

Myocardium

121
Q

The __________ are the upper chambers of the heart.

A

Atria

122
Q

The __________ are the lower chambers of the heart.

A

Ventricles

123
Q

The __________ valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.

A

Tricuspid

124
Q

The __________ valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle.

A

Mitral (bicuspid)

125
Q

The __________ valves prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles.

A

Semilunar

126
Q

The __________ is the natural pacemaker of the heart.

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

127
Q

__________ is the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle.

A

Systole

128
Q

__________ is the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle.

A

Diastole

129
Q

__________ pressure is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is contracting.

A

Systolic

130
Q

__________ pressure is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxing.

A

Diastolic

131
Q

__________ is a condition in which the arteries become hardened and narrowed.

A

Atherosclerosis

132
Q

__________ is a condition in which the heart muscle is weakened.

A

Heart failure

133
Q

__________ is a condition in which a blood clot blocks an artery in the lungs.

A

Pulmonary embolism

134
Q

__________ is a condition in which a blood clot blocks an artery in the brain.

A

Stroke

135
Q

Identify the structure that separates the left and right sides of the heart.

A

(Septum)

136
Q

Identify the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

A

(Arteries)

137
Q

Identify the blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.

A

(Veins)

138
Q

Identify the part of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

A

(Right atrium)

139
Q

Identify the part of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

A

(Left ventricle)

140
Q

Identify the largest vein in the body.

A

(Vena cava)

141
Q

Identify the valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle.

A

(Mitral valve)

142
Q

Identify a major artery supplying blood to the brain.

A

(Carotid artery or Vertebral artery)

143
Q

Explain how the structure of an artery is related to its function.

A

(Thick elastic walls withstand high pressure

144
Q

Why is it important for veins to have valves?

A

(Prevent backflow ensuring one-way blood flow to the heart).

145
Q

If a patient has a blockage in their left internal carotid artery how might their brain be affected?

A

(May cause weakness or paralysis on the right side of the body

A (8 decks)

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