Cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Question 1

Structure/Function of heart

Answer 1

• Muscular pump
• Size of clenched fist
• Located in thoracic cavity
• Between right and left lung
• Protected by rib cage
• Posterior to sternum

Question 2

Arteries

Answer 2

• Carry blood away from heart
• Thick muscular walls
• Carry blood under high pressure

Question 3

Veins

Answer 3

• Carry blood to the heart
• Thinner muscular walls
• Non-return valves
• Carry blood under low pressure

Question 4

Capillaries

Answer 4

• Smallest blood vessels
• One cell thick for diffusion
• Gaseous exchange

Question 5

The cardiovascular system

Answer 5

• Circulates oxygen to body cells
• Collects carbon dioxide from cells

Question 6

The respiratory system

Answer 6

• Takes oxygen from atmosphere
• Releases carbon dioxide fro cells

Question 7

Effects of massage on both systems

Answer 7

• Increases arterial blood flow through mechanisms
• Compressing and kneading encourages blood flow
• Can activate parasympathetic system leading to relaxation
• Treatment to trunk can support normal breathing

Question 8

Mechanics of breathing at REST

Answer 8

Inspiration:
1. Diaphragm lowers and contracts (External intercostals contract)
2. Diaphragm flattens- Ribs/Sternum up and out
3. Thoracic cavity volume increases
4. Lung air pressure decreases below atmospheric air
5. Air rushes into lungs

Expiration:
1. Diaphragm relaxes (External intercostals passively relax)
2. Diaphragm pushes upwards - Ribs/Sternum move down and in
3. Thoracic cavity volume decreases
4. Lung air pressure increases above atmospheric air
5. Air is exhaled

Question 9

Mechanics of breathing during EXERCISE

Answer 9

Inspiration:
1. Diaphragm lowers and contracts FASTER (External intercostals contract)
2. Diaphragm flattens WITH MORE FORCE- Ribs/Sternum up and out
3. Thoracic cavity volume increases MORE
4. Lung air pressure decreases FASTER below atmospheric air
5. MORE Air rushes into lungs

Expiration:
1. Diaphragm relaxes (External intercostals passively relax)
2. Diaphragm pushes upwards FASTER - Ribs/Sternum move in and down
3. Thoracic cavity volume decreases FASTER
4. Lung air pressure increases FASTER above atmospheric air
5. MORE Air is exhaled, INCREASED breathing rate