Cardiovascular And Blood Flow Flashcards
What are the three layers of the Heart Wall?
Epicardium (outer most layer of heart), Myocardium (vertebrate muscle tissue), and Endocardium (innermost layer lining the Chambers and Valves).
What is the function of the chirade tendineae?
Theu anchor the Atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral) to prevent prolapse during ventricular contraction.
Which major blood vessel delivers oxygenated blood to the body?
The Aorta
Trace the flow of blood through the heart starting from the superior vena cava.
Superior Vena Cava - Right Atrium - Tricuspid Valve - Right Ventricle - Pulmonary Valve - Pulmonary Arteries - Lungs - Pulmonary Veins - Left Atrium - Mitral Valve - Left Ventricle - Aortic Valve - Aorta - Body.
What is the role of the Pulmonary arteries and veins?
Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, while Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
What is the Pacemaker of the heart?
The Sinoatrial Node.
Define stroke volume and how its calculated.
Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected by the left Ventricle in one contraction. It is calculated as end-diastolic volume (EDV) minus end-systolic volume (ESV).
What is cardiac output and how’s it calculated?
Cardiac output is the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute. It is calculated as heart rate (HR) x stroke volume (SV).
What happens during myocardial ischaemia?
Reduced blood flow to the heart muscle leads to a lack of oxygen, which can cause chest pain (angina) and potentially lead to a myocardial infarction (heart attack).
What is the significance of the left Ventricle in systemic circulation?
The left Ventricle generates the high pressure needed to pump oxygenated blood throughout the body.
Compare the arteries, veins, and capillaries in terms of structure and function.
Arteries: Thick muscular and elastic, high pressure, carry blood away from heart.
Veins: Thin walls, lower pressure, have valves to prevent backflow, carry blood to the heart.
Capillaries: Thin, single cell walls, sites of gas and nutrient exchange.
What is the difference between systolic and diastolic BP?
Systolic is the pressure during ventricular contraction, and diastolic is the pressure during ventricular relaxation.
What is the significance of the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave on a ECG?
P wave - Atrial Depolarization
QRS Complex - Ventricular Depolarization
T Wave - Ventricular Repolarization
What is the role of the Atrioventricular (AV) node?
The AV node delays the electrical signal from the SA node to allow complete atrial contraction before ventricular contraction.
What is the make up of the blood?
Red Blood Cells - Contain hemoglobin protein, carrys oxygen from the lungs to the tissues (erythocytes).
White Blood Cells - Part of the immune system, there are many types: lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophil, basophils, and neutrophils.
Platelets - These help form clots also known as thrombocytes.
