Cardio Drugs

Question 1

Anti-hypertensives

Answer 1

Thiazide diuretics
Beta blockers
CCB
ACEI
ARB
Alpha blockers

Question 2

Anti-anginals

Answer 2

Beta blockers
CCB
Nitrates
Nicorandil
Ivabradine
Ranolazine

Question 3

Anti-platelets

Answer 3

Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Prasugrel

Question 4

Anti-coagulants

Answer 4

warfarin, rivaroxaban, dabigatran

Question 5

Fibrinolytics

Answer 5

Streptokinase

tPA

Question 6

Anti-cholesterols

Answer 6

Statins

Fibrates

Question 7

Anti-thrombotics

Answer 7

Anti-platelets
Anti-coagulants
Fibrinolytics

Question 8

Anti-arrhythmic drugs

Answer 8

Digoxin

Question 9

Function of diuretics

Answer 9

block Na+ reabsorption in kidneys

Question 10

Thiazide diuretics

Answer 10

bendroflumethiazide

Used in hypertension

Question 11

Loop diuretics

Answer 11

Furosemide

Used in heart failure

Question 12

Side effects of diuretics

Answer 12

Hypokalaemia > tiredness or arrhythmias
Hyperglycaemia > diabetes
^ uric acid > gout
Impotence

Question 13

Function of beat blockers

Answer 13

block B1 and B2 adrenoceptors

Question 14

Cardioselective B-blocker

Answer 14

Blocks B1
atenolol
used in angina, hypertension and heart failure

Question 15

Non-selective B-blockers

Answer 15

Block B1 and B2 receptors
propranolol
used in thyrotoxicosis

Question 16

Side effects of B-blockers

Answer 16

Never use in asthma!!!
Tired
Impotence
Heart failure (short term)
Cold peripheries

Question 17

Dihydropyridines

Answer 17

Amlodipine

Used in hypertension and angina

Question 18

Side effects of dihydropyridines

Answer 18

ankle oedema

Question 19

Rate-limiting calcium antagonist

Answer 19

verapamil, diltiazem

used in hypertension and angina, as well as SVTs (AF, SVT) as they slow down the heart.

Question 20

Contra-indications of rate-limiting CCB

Answer 20

never used with B-blocker

Question 21

Alpha blockers mechanism of action

Answer 21

block alpha adrenoceptors, and cause vasodilation

Question 22

Use of alpha blockers

Answer 22

Doxazosin

hypertension and prostatic hypertrophy as they reduce BP

Question 23

Side effects of alpha blockers

Answer 23

postural hypotension

Question 24

ACEI function

Answer 24

block angiotenin 1 > angiotensin II

Question 25

ACEI name and use

Answer 25

lisinopril | hypertension and heart failure

Question 26

Contra-indications and side effects for ACEI

Answer 26

Bad in renal artery stenosis! Never use in pregnancy-induced hypertension Cough Renal dysfunction angioneurotic oedema

Question 27

ARB function

Answer 27

block angiontensin II receptors

Question 28

ARB, use and side effects

Answer 28

Losartan hypertension, heart failure renal dysfunction- still not safe in pregnancy

Question 29

Nitrates, mechanism of action

Answer 29

venodilators

Question 30

Nitrates, name, use

Answer 30

Isosorbide mononitrate angina acute heart failure

Question 31

Side effects of nitrates

Answer 31

headache | hypotension

Question 32

Antiplatelets function

Answer 32

prevent new thrombosis, | used in angina, acute MI, TIA, pts. at high risk of MI

Question 33

Side effects of antiplatelets

Answer 33

Haemorrhage | Aspirin sensitivity > asthma

Question 34

Anticoagulants function

Answer 34

prevent new thrombosis DVT, PE, NSTEMI, AF side effect: haemorrhage

Question 35

Warfarin

Answer 35

blocks clotting factors 2,7,9,10. Dose controlled by INR Reversed by vit K

Question 36

Fibrinolytic drugs, action

Answer 36

dissolve formed clot | Use in STEMI, sometimes PE and CVA

Question 37

Fibrinolytic drug side effects

Answer 37

haemorrhage

Question 38

Statins

Answer 38

Simvastatin blocks HMG CoA reductase Hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, angina, MI, TIA

Question 39

Statin, side effect

Answer 39

Myopathy, rhabdomyolosis renal failure

Question 40

Fibrates

Answer 40

Bezafibrate | used in hypertriglyceridaemia, low HDL cholesterol

Question 41

Supraventricular arrhythmias

Answer 41

e.g. SVT, use adenosine in acute phase

Question 42

Ventricular/SVT arrhythmias

Answer 42

Amiodarone, B blockers, Flecainide

Question 43

Side effects of anti-arrhythmics

Answer 43

Phototoxicity, pulmonary fibrosis,

Question 44

Digoxin, effects

Answer 44

blocks AV conduction, good in AF, but can lead to Bradycardia and heart block Increases ventricular irritability > ventricular arrhythmias= bad

Question 45

Digoxin toxicity

Answer 45

yellow vision Ventricular arrhythmias, Bradycardia, Heart block N&V