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Principles > Cardio Drugs > Flashcards

Cardio Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Anti-hypertensives

A 
Thiazide diuretics
Beta blockers
CCB
ACEI
ARB
Alpha blockers
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2
Q

Anti-anginals

A 
Beta blockers
CCB
Nitrates
Nicorandil
Ivabradine
Ranolazine
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3
Q

Anti-platelets

A

Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Prasugrel

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4
Q

Anti-coagulants

A

warfarin, rivaroxaban, dabigatran

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5
Q

Fibrinolytics

A

Streptokinase

tPA

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6
Q

Anti-cholesterols

A

Statins

Fibrates

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7
Q

Anti-thrombotics

A

Anti-platelets
Anti-coagulants
Fibrinolytics

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8
Q

Anti-arrhythmic drugs

A

Digoxin

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9
Q

Function of diuretics

A

block Na+ reabsorption in kidneys

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10
Q

Thiazide diuretics

A

bendroflumethiazide

Used in hypertension

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11
Q

Loop diuretics

A

Furosemide

Used in heart failure

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12
Q

Side effects of diuretics

A

Hypokalaemia > tiredness or arrhythmias
Hyperglycaemia > diabetes
^ uric acid > gout
Impotence

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13
Q

Function of beat blockers

A

block B1 and B2 adrenoceptors

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14
Q

Cardioselective B-blocker

A

Blocks B1
atenolol
used in angina, hypertension and heart failure

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15
Q

Non-selective B-blockers

A

Block B1 and B2 receptors
propranolol
used in thyrotoxicosis

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16
Q

Side effects of B-blockers

A 
Never use in asthma!!!
Tired
Impotence
Heart failure (short term)
Cold peripheries
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17
Q

Dihydropyridines

A

Amlodipine

Used in hypertension and angina

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18
Q

Side effects of dihydropyridines

A

ankle oedema

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19
Q

Rate-limiting calcium antagonist

A

verapamil, diltiazem

used in hypertension and angina, as well as SVTs (AF, SVT) as they slow down the heart.

20
Q

Contra-indications of rate-limiting CCB

A

never used with B-blocker

21
Q

Alpha blockers mechanism of action

A

block alpha adrenoceptors, and cause vasodilation

22
Q

Use of alpha blockers

A

Doxazosin

hypertension and prostatic hypertrophy as they reduce BP

23
Q

Side effects of alpha blockers

A

postural hypotension

24
Q

ACEI function

A

block angiotenin 1 > angiotensin II

25
Q

ACEI name and use

A

lisinopril

hypertension and heart failure

26
Q

Contra-indications and side effects for ACEI

A

Bad in renal artery stenosis! Never use in pregnancy-induced hypertension
Cough
Renal dysfunction
angioneurotic oedema

27
Q

ARB function

A

block angiontensin II receptors

28
Q

ARB, use and side effects

A

Losartan
hypertension, heart failure
renal dysfunction- still not safe in pregnancy

29
Q

Nitrates, mechanism of action

A

venodilators

30
Q

Nitrates, name, use

A

Isosorbide mononitrate
angina
acute heart failure

31
Q

Side effects of nitrates

A

headache

hypotension

32
Q

Antiplatelets function

A

prevent new thrombosis,

used in angina, acute MI, TIA, pts. at high risk of MI

33
Q

Side effects of antiplatelets

A

Haemorrhage

Aspirin sensitivity > asthma

34
Q

Anticoagulants function

A

prevent new thrombosis
DVT, PE, NSTEMI, AF
side effect: haemorrhage

35
Q

Warfarin

A

blocks clotting factors 2,7,9,10.
Dose controlled by INR
Reversed by vit K

36
Q

Fibrinolytic drugs, action

A

dissolve formed clot

Use in STEMI, sometimes PE and CVA

37
Q

Fibrinolytic drug side effects

A

haemorrhage

38
Q

Statins

A

Simvastatin
blocks HMG CoA reductase
Hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, angina, MI, TIA

39
Q

Statin, side effect

A

Myopathy, rhabdomyolosis renal failure

40
Q

Fibrates

A

Bezafibrate

used in hypertriglyceridaemia, low HDL cholesterol

41
Q

Supraventricular arrhythmias

A

e.g. SVT, use adenosine in acute phase

42
Q

Ventricular/SVT arrhythmias

A

Amiodarone, B blockers, Flecainide

43
Q

Side effects of anti-arrhythmics

A

Phototoxicity, pulmonary fibrosis,

44
Q

Digoxin, effects

A

blocks AV conduction, good in AF, but can lead to Bradycardia and heart block
Increases ventricular irritability > ventricular arrhythmias= bad

45
Q

Digoxin toxicity

A

yellow vision
Ventricular arrhythmias, Bradycardia, Heart block
N&V

Principles (4 decks)

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