Cardiac System

Question 1

Peripheral Vascular disease

Answer 1

Disease of the arteries causes blood flow issues to the limbs / outer parts of the body

Question 2

Treatments for Peripheral Vascular disease

Answer 2

Increase the blood flow by: Positioning and certain excersises, Rocking bed and lowering the feet, check feet and legs for ulcers , proper fitting foot wear, Bed cradle for feet, elevate feet / legs when resting, wash feet frequently, use pressure relieving devices

Question 2

S/S for Peripheral Vascular disease

Answer 2

Poor wound healing, hair loss in feet or toes, rigid toenail, Low stamina, cold feet and/or legs, and difficulty with ambulation, increase for likelyhood of blood clots

Question 3

Myocardial Infarction

Answer 3

-Also known as a Coronary heart attack
-It happens when the coronary arteries are blocked and causes an ichema
-If not treated quickly the myocardial cells will die - The severity will depend on where it is located

Question 4

S/S for myocardial infarction

Answer 4

Chest pain, Arm / Jaw pain, sweating (Diapheresis) , vommiting, cyonotic skin, Dysipnea, anxiety, fainting, increase respirations and pulse rate, BP is not affected

Question 5

Treatment for myocardial infarction

Answer 5

Stop what they were doing and rest to find medical assistance
Medical assistance includes: relieving pain, reducing heart activity, altering the clotting and administering drugs to dissolve the clot

Question 6

Heart Block

Answer 6

It happens when there is an interference with the SA node in the hearts electrical current

Question 7

Treatments for heart Block

Answer 7

A pacemaker (A little electrical box that sends out electrical waves to the AV node in place of the previous electrical currents) Placed under the collarbone and goes through the right atrium
No magnets
Do not put AED pads on pacemaker

Question 7

S/S for heart block

Answer 7

Dizziness, fainting, feeling that the heart has skipped a beat, Chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, fatigue

Question 8

Ischemia

Answer 8

When a less than normal amount of blood is running to a certain part of the body

Question 9

Congestive Heart Failure

Answer 9

When the heart muscle enlargens and weakens due to Fliud build up and it can no longer pump the proper amount of oxygen to the body
- diuretics
- Place in orthopnea position
- Maintain fluid restrictions
No / Low sodium diet (2-4 grams)

Question 10

S/S of CHF

Answer 10

Low stramina, Dyspnea, Neack vein swelling, Edema, Fatigue, Confusion, Fluid accumulation in the lungs, Irregular pulse, high BP, Kidney and liver malfunction (End stage)

Question 11

Causes of CHF

Answer 11

History of MI, Hereditary, Chronic high blood pressure, Achohal abuse, and virus

Question 12

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 12

It is the elacicity lost in the arteries due to plaque (Athromas) build up

Question 13

Form of Arteriosclerosis

Answer 13

Athersclerosis: Atheromas form on the inner walls of the arteries, vessels of the heart brain and legs are affected, blood flow is eventually blocked leading to organ failure because the clots my have broken off and blocked distant vessels

Question 14

Risk factors for Arteriosclerosis

Answer 14

Hypertension, Diabetes mellitis, Obesity, Herdeditary, smoking, stress, lack of excersises, diets high in cholesterol and fats, PVA

Question 15

Complications of Arteriosclerosis

Answer 15

Thrombus’ and Embolisyms, Angina Pectoris, Myocardial Infaarction, Cerbrovasular Accident, Anyurism, Gangrene

Question 16

Treatment for Arteriosclerosis

Answer 16

Excersise, proper diet, reduction of stress, control of smoking, control of obesity

Question 17

Chanbers of the heart

Answer 17

Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle

Question 18

Embolus and Thrombus

Answer 18

A thrombus is a blood clot that forms in the veins and an Embolus is any mass that passes through the blood vessels untill it cant and gets stuck (Cutting of blood circulation there)

Question 19

Pulse Points

Answer 19

Radial, Apical, Brachial, Coratid, Temporal, Pedal, Popitilial, Femoral and, posterior Tibal

Question 20

Pulse

Answer 20

Pulse is the pressure of the heart pumping out blood - its beating
60-80 BPM
Check for 1 minute

Question 21

Diuresis

Answer 21

When the kidneys make excess urine that is passed through the body

Question 22

Orthopnea

Answer 22

Shortness of breath when lying flat (Symptom of CHF)

Question 23

3 Stages of the Cardiac Cycle

Answer 23

Atrial and Ventricular Dystole ( When the chambers are relaxed and filling with blood), Artrial Systole (When the Atria contracts and the remaining blood is pushed into the ventricles) and Ventricular Systole (The ventricles contract and push the blood through the aorta and pulmonary artery)

Question 24

Purpose of the Cardiac Cycle

Answer 24

For all of the heart parts to work together to pump the blood through and out of your heart (Kepping your body alive) 60 - 80 per minu

Question 25

Hypertrophy

Answer 25

An enlargement of the organ(s) volume due to an enlargement of its cells

Question 26

Angina

Answer 26

It is Cardiac Pain upon excertion which is often a precursor to an MI

Question 26

Parts of the blood
RBC, WBC, Plasma, and Platelets

Answer 26

RBC / Erethrocites (Oxygen), WBC / Leuclocites (fight infection), Plasma (Nutrients), Platelets (Very large cells in the Bone marrow)

Question 27

Parts of the heart

Answer 27

• 4 Chambers
  -Pulmonary Valve and Aortic Valve
  -Septum, Myocardium, and Pericardium (3 layers)

Question 28

Compression stockings

Answer 28

Often applied post-op, Must have no wrinkles, remove and reapply every 8 hours, turn stockings inside out and roll up leg
Supports the veins in the legs to reduce thromoplebitis

Question 29

S/S of Angina

Answer 29

Pain upon excertion due to stress, dull pain that starts in the cest and moves up, pale face, heavy persperation

Question 30

Treatments of Angina

Answer 30

Angioplasty, Coronary Artery bypass surgery, Medications to relaxx the arteries, Avoiding stress, correct Diagnosis, stopping smoking

Question 31

Hypotension
Hypertension

Answer 31

Hypotension: Below average blood pressure
Hypertension: Above average blood pressure
Normal range -
Systolic: 100-120 in adults
Dystolic: 60-80 dystolic
Often of unknown origin

Question 32

S/S of Hyper/Hypotension

Answer 32

Often none, flushed face, dizzy, nosebleeds, headaches, ringing in the ears, changes in speech, blurred vision, right sided chest pain, swollen feet

Question 33

TIA / CVA

Answer 33

TIA - Transient Ischemic Attack - Short lasting damages and short time of the blood flow interuption to the Brain
CVA - Cerebrovascular Attack - Long lasting damages and long time with no blood flow to the Brian

Question 33

Treatments for Hyper/Hypotension

Answer 33

Weight loss, Regular excercise, Low sodium diet, Medications, No smoking, Sympathecotmy, and biofeedback

Question 34

TIA / CVA s/s

Answer 34

Weakness / paralysis of extremities or face, visual disturbances, speech diffuclties (Dysphasia), swallowing difficulties (dysphagia)

Question 35

Complications of a CVA / Stroke

Answer 35

Paralysis (hemi), Cognative Deficits, Speech Deficits, Emotional disturbances, Pain, ADL disruption

Question 36

Treatments for CVA

Answer 36

Medications to increase blood clotting time, Medications to decrease atherosclerosis, surgery to repair vascular damage, Physical, Ocupational, and Speech Therapies.

Question 37

Stent Placements

Answer 37

When a cage around a ballon (Angioplasty) is placed in an artery with Arteriosclerosis to help the continuation of oxygen circulation