carbohydrates, lipids, proteins Flashcards
what monosaccharide makes up the polymers in starch?
alpha glucose ( amylose and amylopectin which are both polymers of alpha glucose)
what are the features of starch related to its function?
coiled- makes it compact, large energy store
insoluble-wont effect the water potential of the cell
branched-makes it more compact and easy to hydrolyse which releases alpha glucose for anaerobic respiration
what is the monomer cellulose is made from?
beta glucose
what is important about the structure of beta glucose and arrangement of hydroxyl group?
when two beta glucose molecules are side by side, the groups point in different directions. this is because on beta glucose the hydroxal group is inverted, every second beta glucose molecule is inverted so the OH groups are on the same plane
what bonds form between polymers of beta glucose?
hydrogen
what is the function of cellulose and what features of it make it suitable for its function?
-make the cell wall of plants strong
-cell wall prevents osmotic lysis
-this is because it prevents too much water from entering as it creates and inward pressure, when water fills it it creates an outward pressure. stops too much water entering, causing the cell to burst
what is the difference between a molecule of cellulose and cellulose?
a molecule of cellulose is a single chain of beta glucose joined together by glycosidic bonds
cellulose is fibres formed by many microfibrils which are groups of cellulose molecules held together by hydrogen bonds
what is the main structural difference between glycogen and starch?
GLYCOGEN IS MORE BRANCHED THAN STARCH AND starch is found in plants
what is the general formula for a fatty acid?
RCOOH
triglercides form droplets, what properties cause these to form?
tails are hydrocarbon chains they are ‘hydrophobic’ and repel water
relate the structure of triglycerides to their properties
long hydrocarbon chain in fatty acid so stores lots of energy and doesn’t dissolve in water making it good for storage
describe how haemoglobin is quaternary protein and how it is adapted for its role
each polypeptide chain contains one iron containing ham group. the ham groups bind to the oxygen and transport blood
what is a fibrous protein?
long Parnell polypeptide chains, little to no tier chary structure, insoluble, many structural roles, strong due to hydrogen bonds between chains such as keratin in hair
what is a globular protein?
complex tier chary and sometimes quaternary, folded into speherical shapes, usually double and some carry out metabolic functions
