carbohydrates

Question 1

what is a monosaccharide?

Answer 1

a monosaccharide is a monomer from which larger carbohydrates are formed

Question 2

what happens during a condensation reaction between carbohydrates?

Answer 2

• it forms a glycosidic bond
• between two monosaccharides
• this forms a disaccharide

Question 3

how is maltose formed?

Answer 3

condensation reaction of two glucose molecules

Question 4

how is lactose formed?

Answer 4

condensation reaction of a glucose and galactose molecule

Question 5

how is sucrose formed?

Answer 5

condensation reaction of a glucose and fructose molecule

Question 6

name three monosaccharides

Answer 6

• glucose
• galactose
• fructose

Question 7

name three disaccharides

Answer 7

• sucrose
• maltose
• lactose

Question 8

name the two isomers of glucose

Answer 8

• alpha glucose
• beta glucose

Question 9

what is an isomer?

Answer 9

two or more compounds, the same formula but different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties

Question 10

draw alpha glucose

Answer 10

on the right the oxygen is at the top and the hydroxide is at the bottom, in the hexagon shape

Question 11

how is a polysaccharide formed?

Answer 11

by the condensation of many glucose units

Question 11

draw beta glucose

Answer 11

on the right the hydroxide is at the top and the oxygen at the bottom, in the hexagon shape

Question 12

name 3 polysaccharides

Answer 12

• cellulose
• glycogen
• starch

Question 13

cellulose structure

Answer 13

• beta glucose units
• linked by 1,4 glycosidic bonds
• long unbranched chains

Question 14

cellulose function

Answer 14

provide strength and rigidity to the cell wall

Question 15

glycogen structure

Answer 15

• two major bonds (1,4 alpha)
• 1,6 alpha glycosidic bonds
• linear chains

Question 16

glycogen function

Answer 16

metabolic fuel for muscles

Question 17

starch structure

Answer 17

• mixture of two polysaccharides
• amylose and amylopectin

Question 18

starch structure (amylose)

Answer 18

• unbranched chain of glucose
• 1,4 glycosidic bonds
• coiled, stores a lot of energy
• soluable in water

Question 19

starch structure (amylopectin)

Answer 19

• branched chain of glucose
• 1,4 glycosidic bonds, but also has 1,6 glycosidic bonds
• insoluable in water

Question 20

starch function

Answer 20

• stores energy for plants
• sugar in animal diet
• broken down by amylase found in saliva and pancreas

Question 21

benedicts solution with non-reducing sugars

Answer 21

• add benedicts reagent and heat
• forms a red precipitate
• doesn’t change colour of solution (stays blue)

Question 22

benedicts solution with reducing sugars

Answer 22

• add benedicts reagent and heat
• starts out blue
• turns yellow-orange
• hotter the colour, the higher the concentration of reducing sugar