C9: Review Questions

Question 1

Cancer and genetic defects are examples of:

Answer 1

stochastic effects

Question 2

Some examples of measurable late biologic damage are:
1. cataracts
2. leukemia
3. nausea and vomiting
4. genetic mutations

Answer 2

1, 2, and 4 only

Question 3

Which of the following provide the foundation for the sigmoid, or S-shaped, threshold curve of radiation dose response?
1. data from human populations observed after acute high doses of radiation
2. data from human populations observed after chronic low doses of radiation
3. laboratory experiments on animals

Answer 3

1 only

Question 4

The linear nonthreshold curve implies that biologic response is:

Answer 4

directly proportional to the dose

Question 5

Reevaluation of the quantity and type of radiation that was released in the atomic bombing of the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki has led to revised atomic bomb data in which radiation-induced leukemia and solid tumors may now be attributed predominantly to:

Answer 5

gamma radiation exposure

Question 6

During the 10 years immediately after the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear power station accident, which of the following was the most pronounced health effect observed?
1. dramatic increase in the incidence of childhood leukemia
2. dramatic increase in thyroid cancer in children living in the regions where the heaviest radioactive contamination occurred
3. major increase in the number of solid tumors in the general population of the former Soviet Union

Answer 6

2 only

Question 7

The early demise of experimental animals exposed to nonlethal doses of ionizing radiation actually resulted from:

Answer 7

induction of cancer

Question 8

According to data from studies performed on US radiologic technologists, individuals who began working before 1950 had a somewhat higher risk of dying of _____ when compared with technologists who started working in 1950 and later.

Answer 8

leukemia

Question 9

Most diagnostic procedures result in equivalent doses:

Answer 9

less than 0.1 Sv