C1g-smells

Question 1

What is the word equation for esterification?

Answer 1

Acid+Alcohol–>Ester+Water

Question 2

What are the necessary properties of perfumes?

Answer 2

Evaporates easily
Non-toxic
Doesn't react with water
Doesn't irritate the skin
Insoluble in water

Question 3

Why does a perfume need to evaporate easily?

Answer 3

So perfume particles can easily reach the nose

Question 4

Why does a perfume need to be non toxic?

Answer 4

So it doesn’t poison you

Question 5

Why does perfume need to be able to not react with water?

Answer 5

So it doesn’t react with perspiration

Question 6

Why does perfume need to be able to not irritate the skin?

Answer 6

Otherwise perfume could not be put directly on the skin

Question 7

Why does perfume need to be insoluble in water?

Answer 7

So it cannot be washed off easily

Question 8

Explain the volatility of perfumes in terms of kinetic theory?

Answer 8

Particles need sufficient energy to overcome the attraction to other molecules in the liquid to evaporate
Weak attraction exists between particles in the liquid perfume so it is easy to overcome this attraction

Question 9

What is a solvent?

Answer 9

The liquid you use to make a solution

Question 10

What is a solute?

Answer 10

The thing you dissolve

Question 11

What is a solution?

Answer 11

The mixture of the solute and solvent that does not seperate out

Question 12

What is soluble?

Answer 12

Does dissolve

Question 13

What is insoluble?

Answer 13

Doesn’t dissolve

Question 14

Why won’t water dissolve nail varnish colours?

Answer 14

• Water molecules + water molecules > water molecules + nail varnish particles
• nail varnish particles + nail varnish particles > water molecules + nail varnish molecules

> = attraction between … Stronger

Question 15

Why are new cosmetics tested?

Answer 15

To make sure they’re safe to use

Question 16

Why is testing cosmetics on animals banned in the EU?

Answer 16

Concerns about animal welfare

Question 17

What is an argument for testing animals?

Answer 17

Its worth it to check they won’t damage humans

Question 18

What is an argument against testing on animals?

Answer 18

Its wrong to cause suffering to animals just to test the safety of a cosmetic
Results might not be conclusive

Question 19

What is an ester?

Answer 19

Perfumes that can be made synthetically

Question 20

Describe how to carry out a simple experiment to make an ester

Answer 20

1) 10cm3 of propanol in test tube
2) 10cm3 of methanoic acid in same tube
3) cork and shake
4) add 1cm3 of concentrated sulfuric acid in same tube
5) warm gently for 5 mins in water bath
6) tip contents into 150cm3 of sodium carbonate solution

Question 21

What are the safety precautions when making an ester?

Answer 21

• gloves
• glasses
• no naked flames
• smell carefully (waft)