Bullets

Question 1

Effectiveness of exchange (3)

Answer 1

Large surface area that is thin- short diffusion path
In animals having an efficient blood supply
In animals for gaseous exchange being ventilated

Question 2

Causes of cancer (2+1)

Answer 2

Mutations- carcinogens
- tar, asbestos, chemicals..

Ionising radiation UV X-ray
- interrupts cell cycle

Virus infections
- cervical cancer- papilloma virus

Question 3

Proteins act as…. (4)

Answer 3

So happy are elephants

Structural components of tissues such as muscles
Hormones
Antibodies
Enzymes

Question 4

Enzymes involved in… (3)

Answer 4

Building large molecules from small ones
Changing one molecule into another
Breaking down large molecules into smaller ones

Question 5

Energy from respiration used for.. (4)

Answer 5

To build larger molecules from smaller ones
In animals to enable muscle contraction
In mammals and birds, to maintain steady body temp in colder surroundings
In plants, to build up sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids, which then built up into proteins

Question 6

During exercise which changes take place? (3)

Answer 6

Heart rate increases, increasing blood flow to the muscles
Rate and death of breathing increase
Glycogen stored in muscles is converted back into glucose

Question 7

Blood plasma transports

Answer 7

Co2 for organs to lungs
Soluble products of digestion from the sampler intestine to other organs
Urea from the liver to the kidneys

Question 8

Control systems include

Answer 8

Cells called receptors which detect stimuli (changes in the environment)
Coordination centres that recurve and process information from receptors
Effectors which bring about responses

Question 9

Internal conditions controlled:

Answer 9

Temp
Water content of body
Ion content of body
Blood glucose levels

Question 10

In the liver (controlling)

Answer 10

Excess amino acids are delaminates to form ammonia which is converted into urea for excretion

Poisonous substances are detoxified and the breakdown products excreted in the urine via the kidneys

Old blood cells are broken down and the iron is stored

Question 11

In a healthy kidney (controlling)

Answer 11

Blood filtered
Glucose reabsorbed
Dissolved irons needed are reabsorbed
As much water needed is reabsorbed
Urea, excess ions and excess water is released as urine