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Term 1 Anatomy > Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal cord length

A

C1-L2

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2
Q

Number of spinal cord segments

A 
31 segments 
8 cervical 
12 thoracic 
5 lumbar 
5 sacral 
1 coccygeal
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3
Q

Segments give rise to

A

rootlets –> roots –> pair of spinal nerves –> multiple spinal nerves= regional plexus

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4
Q

7 cervical vertebrae but

A

8 cervical spinal nerves

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5
Q

C1-C7 exit…

A

above the spinal vertebra

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6
Q

Nerves are very mixed

A

Most nerves contain many types of motor and sensory fibers

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7
Q

Motor fibers go to

A

voluntary muscles
involuntary muscles
glands
vessels

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8
Q

Sensory fibers go to

A

general sensory fibers
proprioceptor fibers
visceral afferents

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9
Q

Spinal nerves split into

A

dorsal and ventral rami

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10
Q

Sensory

A

Dorsal rootlets
Dorsal root
Dorsal root ganglion

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11
Q

Motor

A

Ventral rootlets

Ventral root

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12
Q

Spinal nerve

A

Dorsal ramus

Ventral ramus

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13
Q

Brachial Plexus formed by

A

ventral roots of C5-T1

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14
Q

Brachial Plexus divisions

A 
Roots 
Trunks 
Divisions 
Cords 
Branches
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15
Q

Roots

A

Five
C5-T1
(a.k.a. ventral rami)

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16
Q

Trunks

A

Three

Upper, middle and lower

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17
Q

Divisions

A

Six

Anterior and posterior

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18
Q

Cords

A

Three

Medial, lateral, posterior

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19
Q

Branches

A 
Five Major: 
Axillary 
Musculocutaneous 
Median 
Ulnar 
Radial
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20
Q

Dorsal and ventral roots (rootlets)

A

Contains either sensory or motor fibers

Dorsal= Sensory, Ventral= Motor

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21
Q

Spinal nerve

A

Mixed with both motor and sensory fibers

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22
Q

Ventral ramus

A

What we care about

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23
Q

Dorsal ramus

A

tiny insignificant branches to muscles and skin of the back

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24
Q

Scalene muscles in the neck

A

BP roots travels between anterior and middle scalene muscles

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25
Q

Clavicle

A

BP trunk/divisions travel under it

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26
Q

Axillary artery

A

BP cords wrap around it

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27
Q

Axilla

A

BP becomes 5 major terminal branches and send many smaller nerve branches

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28
Q

Scalene muscles

A

Anterior, middle, posterior arise from the transverse process of Rib 1 anterior and middle
Rib 2 posterior

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29
Q

Roots, trunks, divisions are

A

all in the neck region ABOVE or under the clavicle

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30
Q

Only the cord region and terminal branches are

A

visible in the axilla, distal to clavicle

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31
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

C5 root

branches off before BP cords

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32
Q

Long thoracic nerve

A

C5, 6, 7 root (serratus anterior)

branches off before BP cords

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33
Q

Dorsal scapular nerve

A 
C5 root (rhomboids, levator scapulae) 
branches off before BP cords
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34
Q

Suprascapular nerve

A

C5, 6 superior trunk (supra. and infraspinatus)

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35
Q

Nerve to subclavius

A

C5, 6 superior trunk

36
Q

Posterior cord

A

Formed by posterior divisions of all three trunks (C5-T1)
Supplies muscles in the posterior compartments of the arm and forearm
Extensors
Travel posterior (behind) axillary artery

37
Q

Posterior cord nerve branches

A 
Radial nerve 
Axillary nerve 
Thoracodorsal nerve 
Upper subscapular nerve 
Lower subscapular nerve
38
Q

Radial nerve

A

(C5-T1)
Dives through tricepts hiatus (triagular interval) with profunda brachial artery
Supplies extensor compartments of upper extremity

39
Q

Axillary nerve

A

(C5, C6)
Dives through quadrangular space with posterior humeral circumflex artery
Supplies deltoid and teres minor

40
Q

Thoracodorsal nerve

A

(C6, 7, 8) a.k.a middle subscapular nerve

Supplies latissimus dorsi

41
Q

Upper subscapular nerve

A

(C5, 6)

Supplies subscapularis

42
Q

Lower subscapular nerve

A

(C5, 6)

Supplies teres major

43
Q

Medial cord

A

Formed by anterior divisions of lower trunk

C8, T1

44
Q

Medial cord nerve branches

A

Ulnar nerve
Medial pectoral nerve
Medial cutaneous nerves of arm and forearm
Gives contribution to median nerve

45
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

(C8, T1)
Passes posterior to medial epicondyle
Nerve for your hand

46
Q

Medial pectoral nerve

A

Supplies pectoralis major and minor

47
Q

Medial cutaneous nerves of arm and forearm

A

medial arm/forearm sensation

48
Q

Lateral cord

A

Formed by anterior divisions of upper and middle trunks (C5, 6, 7)

49
Q

Lateral cord nerve branches

A

Musculocutaneous nerve
Lateral pectoral nerve
Lateral contribution to median nerve

50
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve

A

Dives through coracobrachialis

Supplies flexor compartment of arm (corachobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis)

51
Q

Lateral pectoral nerve

A

Supplies pectoralis major

52
Q

Median nerve

A

Formed by contributions from median and lateral cords (C6-T1)

Passes through arm with brachial artery

Controls anterior forearm muscles, hand muscles a little bit

53
Q

Axillary roots

A

C5, C6

54
Q

Musculocutaneous roots

A

C5, C6, C7

55
Q

Ulnar roots

A

C8, T1

56
Q

Median roots

A

C5, C6, C7

C8, T1

57
Q

Radial roots

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

58
Q

Dermatome

A

An area of skin whose nerve supply is derived from the same spinal cord segment

59
Q

Thumb and half index dermatome

Lateral forearm

A

C6

60
Q

Middle finger dermatome

A

C7

61
Q

Pinky and half of ring dermatome

Medial forearm

A

C8

62
Q

Lateral arm

A

C5

63
Q

Medial arm (bottom half)

A

T1

64
Q

Lateral shoulder/arm

A

Axillary
Cutaneous branch of axillary nerve
Superior lateral cutaneous branch of axillary nerve

65
Q

Lateral forearm

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

66
Q

Lateral thumb

A

Superficial branch of radial

67
Q

Middle finger index finger

A

Median

68
Q

Pinky

A

Ulnar

69
Q

Medial forearm

A

Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm

70
Q

Medial arm

A

Medial cutaneous nerve of arm

71
Q

Hand

A

T1 myotome

72
Q

Wrist

A

C8 myotome

73
Q

Forearm

A

C7 myotome

74
Q

Antecubital region

A

C6 myotome

75
Q

Arm

A

C5 myotome

76
Q

Triceps tendon reflex

A

C7

77
Q

Biceps tendon reflex

A

C6

78
Q

Erbs Palsy

A

Superior brachial plexus injury

Avulsion of upper roots of brachial plexus
C5, 6

79
Q

Loss of fibers to suprascapular nerve

A

results in medial rotation of shoulder

80
Q

Loss of fibers to axillary nerve

A

results in deltoid atrophy

81
Q

Loss of fibers to musculocutaneous

A

results in extension of the elbow and pronation of radioulnar joint

82
Q

Waiter’s tip

A

Erb’s palsy
Characteristic position of the limb
Internal rotation of humerus

83
Q

Backpacker’s palsy

A

heavy backpacks may injure superior BP

84
Q

Klumpke’s Paralysis

A

inferior BP injury

avulsion of lower roots of BP
C8, T1

85
Q

Loss of function to the median nerve

A

results in loss to intrinsic muscle of the thumb

86
Q

Loss of function to the ulnar nerve

A

results in loss to intrinsic muscles of the hand and inability to extend the interphalangeal joints

87
Q

Claw hand

A

Klumpke’s paralysis
Characteristic position of the hand
Eventual thenar atrophy

Term 1 Anatomy (2 decks)

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