Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours Flashcards
Define the types of bone-forming tumours
Benign = osteoid, osteoma, osteoblasto
Malignant = osteosarcoma
Define the types of cartilage-forming tumours
Benign = endochondroma, osteochondroma
Malignant = osteosarcoma
Define the types of fibrous tumours
Benign = fibroma
Malignant = fibrosarcoma, malignano fibrous histiocytoma (MFH)
Define the types of vascular tumours
Benign = haemangioma, aneurysmal bone cyst
Malignant = angiosarcoma
Define the types of adipose tumours
Benign = lipoma
Malignant = liposarcoma
Define the types of marrow tissue tumours
Malignant = Ewing’s Sarcoma, lymphoma, myeloma
What other type of tumour is locally destructive but rarely metastasises?
Giant cell tumours
What bony and fibrous lesion appear tumour-like?
Simple bone cyst and fibrous cortical defect
What is the commonest primary malignant bone tumour in younger patients?
Osteosarcoma (3 million per year in the UK)
What is the commonest primary malignant bone tumour in the older patient?
Myeloma
What are the incidences of Chondrosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma and MFH respectively
Chondrosarcoma - 2 million per year
Ewing’s sarcoma - 1.5 million per year
MFH - <1 million per year
What aspect s of the history may lead to a bone tumour suspicion?
Pain (activity related or progressive pain at rest at night)
Mass
(Abnormal X-ray if incidental)
What would you look for on examination of a potential bone tumour?
(9 answers)
General health Size Site Shape Consistency Mobility Tenderness Local temperature Neuro-vascular deficits
What investigations may lead you to a diagnosis of bone tumour?
Plain X-ray
CT
Isotope bone scan
MRI
Pet scan
Biopsy
What are the features are you looking for on a plain X-ray in muscle and veins that might be indicative of local bone tumour?
Myositis ossificans (calcification of a muscle)
Phleboliths (rounded calcification of a vein)
