bone and cartilage

Question 1

what is bone and what are its functions

Answer 1

mineralised contective tissue

functions- structural support, protection, locomotion, mkineral reservoir, blood cell production

Question 2

give the 5 macroscopic layers of bone and their function

Answer 2

. periosteum - connective tissue surrounding outer surace
. cortical bone - dense outer layer
. cancellous - inner layer of inter connecgted trabeculae
. red/yellow bone marrow - producce blood cells, energy store
. endosteum - inner membrane, separates bomne from marrow

Question 3

which cells are in bone tissue

Answer 3

osteogenic/osteoprogenitor, osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteaclasts

Question 4

briefly describe mineralisation of bone

Answer 4

• Osteoblasts secrete collagen and matrix vesicles
• Matrix vesicles direct the deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals
• Hydroxyapatite crystals continue to be deposited and coalesce leading to confluent mineralisation

Question 5

what are the structural units within cortical bone called? what are the layers within called and what do they contain?

Answer 5

each osteon is composed of layers of lamellae which contains nerves, capillaries and lymphatics

Question 6

what are the layers of periosteum?

Answer 6

. fibrous layer - dense irregular fibrous tissue

. cellular layer - osteogenic cells and osteo blasts

Question 7

what is cartilage and what are its functions

Answer 7

avascular flexible connective tissue
function - locomotion, structural support and cushioning, template for new bone formation

Question 8

whate are the structures of cartilage

Answer 8

hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

Question 9

name the cells present in cartilage and their functions

Answer 9

. chondroblasts - synthesise and secrece ECM

. chondrcoytes - maintain cartilage

Question 10

where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 10

nasal septum, larynx, tracheal ring, bronchi

Question 11

where is fibrocartilage found?

Answer 11

vertebral disks, joint capsule

Question 12

where is elastic cartilage found?

Answer 12

external ear, epigoltis, larynx

Question 13

name some disorders of bone and cartilage

Answer 13

osteomalacia, fracture, athritis, periodontits

Question 14

list the 3 types of cartilage in order from most to least rigid

Answer 14

• fibrocartilage
• hyaline cartilage
• elastic cartilage

Question 15

what is a lacuna?

Answer 15

a small space containing an osteocyte in bone or chondrocyte in cartilage.

Question 16

The surface of most of the cartilage in the body is surrounded by a membrane of dense irregular connective tissue called ?

Answer 16

perichondrium