Bonds

Question 1

What is an Ionic Bond (IB)?

Answer 1

A bond between a metal and a nonmetal with full charges on both, formed by the transfer of electrons. Example: NaCl.

Question 2

What is a Covalent Bond (CB)?

Answer 2

A bond between two nonmetals that share electrons. Example: H₂O.

Question 3

What is a Metallic Bond (MB)?

Answer 3

A bond between metals involving a “sea of free electrons.” Example: Cu or Fe.

Question 4

What are Ion-Dipole Forces (IO)?

Answer 4

Interactions between a full ion and a partial charge (dipole) on a polar molecule. Example: Na⁺ and water.

Question 5

What is Hydrogen Bonding (HB)?

Answer 5

A strong dipole-dipole interaction where H bonds with O, F, or N and interacts with another O, F, or N. Example: H₂O.

Question 6

What are Dipole-Dipole Forces (DD)?

Answer 6

Interactions between two polar molecules with slight charges. Example: CH₃Cl interacting with CH₃Cl.

Question 7

What are Ion-Induced Dipole Forces (IID)?

Answer 7

A full ion interacts with a nonpolar molecule and induces a dipole. Example: Fe²⁺ inducing a dipole in O₂.

Question 8

What are Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces (DID)?

Answer 8

A polar molecule induces a dipole in a nonpolar molecule. Example: HCl inducing a dipole in Cl₂.

Question 9

What are London Dispersion Forces (LD)?

Answer 9

Weak forces between nonpolar molecules caused by temporary dipoles. Example: Noble gases (Ar) or CH₄.