body systems unit vocabulary

Question 1

Voluntary

Answer 1

muscle action that is under your control

Question 2

Involuntary

Answer 2

muscle action that is not under your control

Question 3

Tendons

Answer 3

strands of tough connective tissue that connect your skeletal muscle to your bones

Question 4

Aerobic exercise

Answer 4

steady, moderately intense activity

Question 5

Strain

Answer 5

an injury in which a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn

Question 6

Tendonitis

Answer 6

inflammation of the tendons

Question 7

homeostasis

Answer 7

the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment

Question 8

ligaments

Answer 8

a short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint

Question 9

fracture

Answer 9

to crack or break a bone

Question 10

cartilage

Answer 10

a firm, elastic, flexible type of connective tissue found in joints as well as ear, nose, rib cage, etc.

Question 11

Joint

Answer 11

a place in which two or more bones meet

Question 12

Cardiovascular system

Answer 12

a collection of organs that transport blood throughout the body

Question 13

Artery

Answer 13

a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body’s organs

Question 14

Capillary

Answer 14

a tiny blood vessel that allows an exchange between blood and cells in other tissue

Question 15

Vein

Answer 15

a blood vessel that carries blood to the heart

Question 16

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 16

the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries, and veins

Question 17

Systemic circulation

Answer 17

the flow of blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart

Question 18

Blood pressure

Answer 18

the amount of pressure it takes each heartbeat to pump blood through the arteries

Question 19

stroke

Answer 19

when blood vessels in the brain become clogged or ruptures, resulting in no oxygen to the brain

Question 20

atherosclerosis (high cholesterol)

Answer 20

when excess cholesterol builds up inside the blood vessels, causing them to become narrower and less elastic

Question 21

Heart attack

Answer 21

when heart muscle cells die and part of the heart becomes damaged

Question 22

Heart failure

Answer 22

when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs

Question 23

Pharynx

Answer 23

the passageway from the mouth to the larynx and esophagus

Question 24

Respiration

Answer 24

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living cells and their environment; includes breathing and cellular respiration

Question 25

Trachea

Answer 25

windpipe, the tube that connects the lungs and larynx

Question 26

Diaphragm

Answer 26

a dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs

Question 27

Digestive system

Answer 27

the organs that break down food so that it can be used by the body

Question 28

Chemical digestion

Answer 28

occurs when large molecules are broken down into nutrients

Question 29

Mechanical digestion

Answer 29

the breaking, crushing, and mashing of food

Question 30

Esophagus

Answer 30

a long, straight tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

Question 31

Peristalsis

Answer 31

rhythmic muscle contractions that occur in the esophagus, forcing food down into the stomach

Question 32

Stomach

Answer 32

the sac-like digestive organ between the esophagus and the small intestine that breaks down food into a liquid by the action of muscles, enzymes, and acids