Body Structure Chapter 4- Key Terms Flashcards
cell
smallest structural and functional unit of life
nucleus
responsible for metabolism, growth, and reproduction, carries DNA
tissue
groups of cells that preform specialized activities
4 types of tissues
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscular
- Nervous
epithelial tissue
covers surface of organs, lines cavities, and canals, forms tubes and ducts, provides the secreting portions of glands, and makes up epidermis. Continuous sheet consisting of one or more layers.
connective tissue
supports and connects other tissues and organs. Made of diverse cell types, including fibroblasts, fat cells, and blood.
muscular tissue
provides the contractile tissue of the body, which is responsible for movement.
nervous tissue
transmits electrical impulses as it relays information throughout the entire body
chromatin
structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins
chromosome
threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that carries hereditary information encoded in genes (23 unpaired in sperm and egg, 46 total paired)
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
molecule that hold genetic information capable of replicating and producing an exact copy whenever the cell divides
diaphragm
muscular wall that divides the thoracic cavity from teh abdominopelvic cavity
metabolism
sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or am organism
organelle
cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such as nucleus (reproduction), ribosomes (protein synthesis), golgi apparatus (removal of material from cell), and lysosomes (digestion)
levels of organization
cell, tissue, organ, system, organism
