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boards 3 Flashcards

1
Q

casues of glomerulonephritis

A

IC/abx in glomeruli- dont make pee, retain fluid, hypertesntisve - post strep GN, wegeners, goodpasteurs, lupus, HUS TTP IGA nephropathy

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2
Q

oliguria, edema, pyuria, RBC casts, hypertension

A

acute nephritic syndrom e, t steroids

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3
Q

acute interstitia nephritis

A

allergic reaction, immune mediated- from pcn, sulpha, diuretics, infxn - EOSINOPHILS, rash

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4
Q

leading cause of renal failure

A

ATN - ischemic- olugirua, from trauma/sepsis- toxic- from constast media, myoglobin, hemolysis, MM, aminoglycosides, ethylene glycol

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5
Q

how does rhabdo cause ATN

A

myoglobin clogs tubules, positive urine HEME but no RBC on micro, very high elevation of creatinine quicly , CK > 5x elevated

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6
Q

prerenal vs renal failure

A

renal failure has FENA >1% and high urina sodium, no BUN/cr

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7
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

glomerular disease, nephritic syndrome

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8
Q

WBC casts

A

interstitium, pyelo AIN

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9
Q

eosinophils-

A

AIN

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10
Q

granular casts (Cell debris)

A

tubule, ATN

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11
Q

hyaline casts ( acellular)

A

post or pre renal

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12
Q

pink urine work up

A

rbcs- hematuria - nephritic syndrom eor stone , if NO RBCS then myoglobinuria or hemoglobinuria - intravascular hemolysis, DIC TTP HUS

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13
Q

nephritic vs nephrotic

A

nephritic is acute, oliguria, htn, casts in Ua, nephrotic is chronic, massive protein, edema, HLD, hypo alb, thrommbic diathesis, UA with no cells

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14
Q

caus sof nephrotic syndrome

A

DM SLE HIV MM

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15
Q

autosomal dominant, flank pain and hematuria, progressive renal failure, what is the associated complication

A

PCKD - cerebral aneurysm, SAH - can also have cysts in liver and spleen

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16
Q

indiation for dialysis in uremia

A

has ompliaitons such as encephalitis, pericardits, bleeding, BUN >100-150, toxins

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17
Q

ESRD complications

A

CAD, refractory htn, tamponade, uremic pericarditis, pulm edema, have all cell linesaffected- anemia, infxn bleeding, cocner for risk of SDH

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18
Q

ESRD with hyper K

A

bradyasystolic arrest, Ca gluconate, shift with bicarb, insulin d5- albuterol, elimiate with polystyrene

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19
Q

hypo K after dialysis

A

V fib, PVCs

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20
Q

most common complication ESRD

A

hypotension, second is bleeding

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21
Q

bleeding in ESRD causes

A

bleeding, give DDAVP, cloting - thrill is gone- inject thromblytic, surgical removal, infection- staph gram negatives, highoutput failure

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22
Q

AMS casues in ESRD

A

hypotension, hypogly, hyperca, sdh

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23
Q

peritoneal fluid in peritoneal diaslysis patient and bugs

A

100 WBC in anylysis, 50% pmn, staph epidermidits and s aureus

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24
Q

criteria for UTI

A

sxs plus 100 CFU

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25
Q

complicated UTI bugs

A

klebsiela, preotus, pseudomonsas, enterobacter, staph, grp d strep

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26
Q

do you treat asxs bacteriuria

A

only in pregnancy to prevent pyelo

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27
Q

sterile pyuria bugs

A

GU TB, chlamydia

28
Q

pyelo in pregnancy

A

inc in 3rd trimester, can precpitiate pre e sepsis and miscarriage

29
Q

sepsi, liver disaese, nec fac

A

vibrio

30
Q

balanitis

A

glans penis inflamed, check BG

31
Q

phimosis vs paraphimosis-

A

para call the paramedics- retraced, necrosis of glans, tx compression dosral incision - phimosis - unable to retract, can cause urinarey retnetion

32
Q

child with persistent crying

A

corneal ulcer, penile hair tourniquet

33
Q

priapism 2 kinds

A

corpus cavernosum, ishcmic is low flow - sickel cell drugs, spinal cord injury, high flow is trauma- arterial injury

34
Q

treatment priapism

A

corporal aspiration and irrigation, pheynephirine injxn to corpora, transfusion for sickle cell, embolization for high flow

35
Q

diagnosis of syphilis primary vs seconary

A

dark field microscopy (primary), secondary - RPR, FTA ABS

36
Q

primary syphilis time frame

A

painless chance, 21 days, lasts 4-6 weeks

37
Q

treatmet of syphilis and possible reaction

A

2.4m ben g IM, jarisch herxheimer rxn

38
Q

rash on palsm, soles, papulosquamous- raised and scaly

A

secondary syphilis - need to do RPR

39
Q

jarisch herxheierm rxn

A

serum sickness, realse of endotixns, fever, chilsl, ha myalgia rashs - lasts a few hours - tx tylenol

40
Q

big buboe lesion near inguinal ligament, painless

A

LGV chalmaydia - tx doxycycline

41
Q

tender papule and painful ulcer, painful inguinopathy

A

chancroid - azithro or cefraixone

42
Q

donovan bodies

A

granuloma inguinale - chorinc painless progressive ulcer s - tx doxy

43
Q

age related bugs for epidydymitis

A

young- e coli, structure, sexually actuve, GC , older patient s- obstrution prostate , E coli

44
Q

prehns sign

A

lifting of testicle relieves pain - epidydmitis not torsion

45
Q

what intervention CI in prostateitis

A

prostate massage, foley, do a suprapubic

46
Q

perineal pain, urinary frequency, pain with defecation, dysuria, fever, urinary retention-

A

acute prostatitis

47
Q

urethritis considerations for test

A

treat partners, consider HIV syphilis

48
Q

precipitatns for urinary retention

A

ach - OTC sympathomimetics- cold remidies - anti htn, TCa, opiods,

49
Q

mcc kidney stone type

A

cal oxylate- diet, IBD, corohns, hper PTH- male

50
Q

4 other causes of kidney stones -

A

struvite- chronic infxn proteus pseudomonas, staghorn high Ph - URIC ACID - gout, low ph, radiolucent, CYSTEINE - staghorn, inborn error

51
Q

drug that causes kidney stone

A

indinivir - protease inhibitor - HIV

52
Q

60 yo flank pain HTN

A

AAA

53
Q

mc transplant solid organ

A

renal - hep C common, infxn and rejection can be subtle rise in Cr

54
Q

coffee bea appearacne on XR

A

cecal volvuulus

55
Q

most sensitive test at dx acute chole

A

HIDA

56
Q

eye condition associated with constrictd pupil on ipsulateeral side

A

iritis - miosis

57
Q

medication that can be given in CRAO to dec IOP

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibiors (acetazolamide) to reduce aqueous humor production or b blockers

58
Q

treatment of acute angle closure glaucome first step

A

acetazolaminde

59
Q

periorbital emphysema

A

orbital blowout, have downaward gaze bacuse inferior rectus is trapped, eye is moved downard, inabiity to look up

60
Q

visual field loss for stroke on the R side of brain?

A

L sided homonymous hemi (l temporal R nasal)

61
Q

TXA mechanism

A

prevents firbinoysis stabilizing clots

62
Q

4 components for negligence

A

duty to act, standard of care, proximate acuase, damages

63
Q

unique synovial fluid for septic arthritis-

A

glucose 30% of serum

64
Q

radiolucen stone, PH < 7

A

uric acid

65
Q

what is nephrogenic systemic fibrosis

A

after mri associated wih gadolinium

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