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Pharmacology > Board study > Flashcards

Board study Flashcards

1
Q

Naproxen Sodium/ Aleve (class)

A

NSAID

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2
Q

Salsalate/ Discalced (class)

A

NSAID

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3
Q

Indomethacin/ Inocin (class)

A

NSAID

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4
Q

Naproxen Sodium/ Aleve (use)

A

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic

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5
Q

Salsalate/ Discalced (use)

A

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic

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6
Q

Indomethacin/ Inocin (use)

A

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic

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7
Q

Naproxen Sodium/ Aleve (side effects)

A

GI irritation, fluid retention, renal/liver problems, prolonged bleeding.

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8
Q

Salsalate/ Discalced (side effects)

A

GI irritation, fluid retention, renal/liver problems, prolonged bleeding.

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9
Q

Indomethacin/ Inocin (side effects)

A

GI irritation, fluid retention, renal/liver problems, prolonged bleeding.

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10
Q

Colecoxib/ Celebrex, Valdecoxib/ Bextra (class)

A

NSAID- COX 2 inhibitors

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11
Q

Colecoxib/ Celebrex, Valdecoxib/ Bextra (use)

A

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic

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12
Q

Colecoxib/ Celebrex, Valdecoxib/ Bextra (side effects)

A

Fluid retention, renal/liver problems, prolonged bleeding. Less GI irritation, but increased heart related conditions.

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13
Q

Cyclobenzaprine HCL/ Flexeril (class)

A

Muscle relaxant

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14
Q

Methocarbamol/ Robaxin (class)

A

Muscle relaxant

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15
Q

Carisoprodol/ Soma (class)

A

Muscle relaxant

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16
Q

Cyclobenzaprine HCL/ Flexeril (use)

A

Acute muscle spam relief. Work on CNS to reduce skeletal muscle tone by depressing the internuncial neurons of the brain and spinal cord.

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17
Q

Methocarbamol/ Robaxin (use)

A

Acute muscle spam relief. Work on CNS to reduce skeletal muscle tone by depressing the internuncial neurons of the brain and spinal cord.

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18
Q

Carisoprodol/ Soma (use)

A

Work on CNS to reduce skeletal muscle tone by depressing the internuncial neurons of the brain and spinal cord.

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19
Q

Diazepam/ Valium (class)

A

Muscle Relaxant

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20
Q

Diazepam/ Valium (use)

A

Work on CNS to reduce skeletal muscle tone by depressing the internuncial neurons of the brain and spinal cord.

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21
Q

Tizanidine/ Zanaflex (use)

A

Treat spasticity. Work on CNS to reduce skeletal muscle tone by depressing the internuncial neurons of the brain and spinal cord. Used for cerebral palsy.

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22
Q

Tizanidine/ Zanaflex (class)

A

Muscle relaxant

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23
Q

Cyclobenzaprine HCL/ Flexeril (side effects)

A

Drowsiness, lethargy, ataxia, decreased alertness, ataxia, tachycardia

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24
Q

Methocarbamol/ Robaxin (side effects)

A

Drowsiness, lethargy, ataxia, decreased alertness, ataxia, tachycardia

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25
Q

Carisprodol/ Soma (side effects)

A

Drowsiness, lethargy, ataxia, decreased alertness, ataxia, tachycardia

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26
Q

Diazepam/ Valium (side effects)

A

Drowsiness, abusive behavior results in withdrawal symptoms.

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27
Q

Tizanidine/ Zanaflex (side effects)

A

Hypotension

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28
Q

Dethamexasone (class)

A

Anti-inflammatory/ Glucocorticosteroid

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29
Q

Dethamexasone (use)

A

Iontophoresis

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30
Q

Salicylates (class)

A

Anti-inflammatory

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31
Q

Salicylate (use)

A

Iontophoresis

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32
Q

Dethamexasone (side effects)

A

Adrenal insufficiency, immunosuppress, depression, cataracts, Cushing’s Syndrome, fluid retention, hyperglycemia, Osteoporosis, myopathy, GI irritation

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33
Q

Prednisone (class)

A

Anti-inflammatory/ Glucocorticosteroid

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34
Q

Prednisone (side effects)

A

Adrenal insufficiency, immunosuppress, depression, cataracts, Cushing’s Syndrome, fluid retention, hyperglycemia, Osteoporosis, myopathy, GI irritation

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35
Q

Methotrexate (class)

A

Disease Modifying Antirheumatic (DMARDs)

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36
Q

Anticytokines/ Enbrel (class)

A

Disease Modifying Antirheumatic (DMARDs)

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37
Q

Leflunomide/ Arava (class)

A

Disease Modifying Antirheumatic (DMARDs)

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38
Q

Infliximab/ Remicade (class)

A

Disease Modifying Antirheumatic (DMARDs)

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39
Q

Methotrexate (side effects)

A

Hepatic dysfunction, GI disturbance, thrombocytopenia. *NOT for use with renal disfunction. *Folic acid may decrease with use

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40
Q

Methotrexate (use)

A

Stops inflammation and joint destruction. Anticancer agent

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41
Q

Anticytokines/ Enbrel (use)

A

Inactivates TNF alpha which is directly involved in RA inflammation.

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42
Q

Infliximab/ Remicade (use)

A

Inhibits T cells and B cells

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43
Q

Leflunomide/ Arava (use)

A

Inhibits T cells and B cells (autoimmune process)

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44
Q

Infliximab/ Remicade (side effects)

A

Risk of serious infection

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45
Q

Leflunomide/ Arava (side effects)

A

Risk of serious infection

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46
Q

Anticytokines/ Enbrel (side effects)

A

few side effects

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47
Q

Ventolin/ Albuterol (class)

A

Beta-2 agonist (sympathomimetics): Short Acting

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48
Q

Alupent/ Metaproterenol (class)

A

Beta-2 agonist (sympathomimetics): Short Acting

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49
Q

Maxair/ Pirbuterol (class)

A

Beta-2 agonist (sympathomimetics): Short Acting

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50
Q

Ventolin/ Albuterol (use)

A

Bronchodilation

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51
Q

Alupent/ Metaproterenol (use)

A

Bronchodilation

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52
Q

Maxair/ Pirbuterol (use)

A

Bronchodilation

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53
Q

Ventolin/ Albuterol (side effects)

A

Increased HR and BP

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54
Q

Alupent/ Metaproternol (side effects)

A

Increased HR and BP

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55
Q

Maxair/ Pirbuterol (side effects)

A

Increased HR and BP

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56
Q

Serevent/ Salmeterol Xinafoate (class)

A

Beta-2 agonist (sympathomimetics): Long Acting

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57
Q

Atrovent/ Ipratropium (use)

A

Inhibit PNS, increase HR, increase BP, bronchodilate

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58
Q

Atrovent/ Ipratropium (class)

A

Anticholinergic

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59
Q

Atrovent/ Ipratropium (side effects)

A

Lack of sweating, dry mouth, delusions

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60
Q

Aminophylline, Theophylline (use)

A

Smooth muscle relaxation

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61
Q

Aminophylline, Theophylline (class)

A

Methylxantines

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62
Q

Aminophylline, Theophylline (side effects)

A

Serious toxicity, increased BP, increased HR, arrhythmia, GI distress, nervousness, headache, seizures.

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63
Q

Montelukast/Singulair (use)

A

Block leukotrines released in allergic reactions. Inhibit airway edema and smooth muscle contraction.

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64
Q

Montelukast/Singulair (class)

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

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65
Q

Intal (use)

A

Prevent release of mast cells (histamine) after contact with allergens. Used prophylactically to prevent bronchospasm.

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66
Q

Intal (side effect)

A

hoarseness, cough, dry mouth, bronchial irritation. Sx of OD = paradoxical bronchospasm.

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67
Q

Intal (class)

A

Cromolyn Sodium: Antiallergic drug

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68
Q

Beclomethasone/ Vanceril (class)

A

Anti-inflammatory MDI steroid

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69
Q

Triamcinolone/ Azmacort (class)

A

Anti-inflammatory MDI steroid

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70
Q

Beclomethasone/ Vanceril (use)

A

Decreases mucosal edema, inflammation, and airway reactivity.

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71
Q

Triamcinolone/ Azmacort (use)

A

Decreases mucosal edema, inflammation, and airway reactivity.

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72
Q

Beclomethasone/ Vanceril (side effects)

A

(Systemic) Increased BP, sodium retention, muscle wasting, Osteoporosis, GI irritation, hypercholesterolemia. (Inhaled) Thrush, fungal infection of mouth/ throat.

73
Q

Triamcinolone/ Azmacort (side effect)

A

(Systemic) Increased BP, sodium retention, muscle wasting, Osteoporosis, GI irritation, hypercholesterolemia. (Inhaled) Thrush, fungal infection of mouth/ throat.

74
Q

Prednisone (use)

A

Anti-inflammatory used for crisis pulmonary situation, RA, DJD

75
Q

Antibiotic (side effects)

A

Allergic reaction, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

76
Q

Glucosamine (use)

A

DJD

77
Q

Chondroitin (use)

A

Prevent breakdown and repair of cartilage

78
Q

Penicillamine, Imuran (class)

A

DMARDs, immunosuppressant, Sulfa drug

79
Q

Penicillamine, Imuran (use)

A

Antirheumatic properties

80
Q

Penicillamine, Imuran (side effects)

A

Mental status change, retinopathy, muscle weakness, decreased DTRs.

81
Q

Choloquine (class)

A

DMARDs, Antimalarials

82
Q

Anakinra/ Kineret (class)

A

DMARDs

83
Q

Anakinra/ Kineret (use)

A

Diminish bone erosion and cartilage distruction

84
Q

Anakinra/ Kineret (side effects)

A

Risk for serious infection

85
Q

Cyclosporine/ Neoral) (class)

A

DMARDs, immunosuppressant

86
Q

Cyclosporine/ Neoral (use)

A

Potent immunosuppressant which reduces T cell and B cell activation.

87
Q

Cyclosporine/ Neoral (side effects)

A

Hypertension, nephrotoxicity

88
Q

Gold Therapy (side effects)

A

Blood disorders, renal dysfunciton, dermatitis. *Oral is better tolerated, IM is more effective.

89
Q

Alendronate/ Fosomax (use)

A

Inhibit osetoclastic bone resorption to increase bone mass density and decrease risk for fx.

90
Q

Risedronate/ Actonel (use)

A

Inhibit osetoclastic bone resorption to increase bone mass density and decrease risk for fx.

91
Q

Aledronate/ Fosomax (class)

A

Biphosphonate

92
Q

Risedronate/ Actonel (class)

A

Biphosphonate

93
Q

Risedronate/ Actonel (side effects)

A

GI problems, myalgias, esophageal lesions. *30 minutes before eating. Sit upright/stand for 30 minutes after taking.

94
Q

Aledronate/ Fosomax (side effects)

A

GI problems, myalgias, esophageal lesions. *30 minutes before eating. Sit upright/stand for 30 minutes after taking.

95
Q

Etidronate/ Didronel (class)

A

Diphosphonate

96
Q

Etidronate/ Didronel (use)

A

Paget’s disease, heterotopic ossificaiton (post SCI/ THA)

97
Q

Teriparatide/ Forteo (class)

A

Biphosphonate/ Anti-estrogen agent

98
Q

Teriparatide/ Forteo (use)

A

Contains parathyroid hormone and Raloxifene/Evista for prevention/ tx of osteoporosis in POSTmenapausal women.

99
Q

Teriparatide/ Forteo (side effects)

A

Hot flashes, leg cramps

100
Q

Calcitonin (class)

A

Biphosphonate

101
Q

Calcitonin (use)

A

Paget’s disease, diminish osetoclast activity

102
Q

Calcitonin (side effects)

A

Pain, myalgias, headache, nasal symptoms (nasal spray)

103
Q

Hormone replacement therapy (side effects)

A

Increased risk for breast cancer and cardiovascular problems

104
Q

Baclofen/ Lioresal (class)

A

Muscle relaxant

105
Q

Baclofen/ Lioresal (use)

A

Decrease spasticity or reduce painful flexor/ extensor spasm: Inhibits NT in the brain (i.e. Substance P)

106
Q

Baclofen/ Lioresal (side effects)

A

Drowsiness, increased seizures if patient has EPILEPSY

107
Q

Dantrolene/ Dantrium (use)

A

Blocks the release of calcium to decrease CHRONIC spasticity

108
Q

Dantrolene/ Dantrium (class)

A

Muscle relaxant

109
Q

Dantrolene/ Dantrium (side effects)

A

Drowsiness, dizziness, diarrhea, photosensitivity, toxic hepatitis, seizures, tachycardia, muscle weakness. *NOT with cardiac or respiratory dysfunciton

110
Q

Morphine, Codeine, Hyrocodone/ Vicodin, Methadone (class)

A

Opioid Narcotic

111
Q

Morphine, Codeine, Hyrocodone/ Vicodin, Methadone (use)

A

Analgesia for severe acute, chronic, or cancer-related pain. Antitussive, antidiarrheal, dyspnea with MI, acute pulmonary edema, left ventricular failure.

112
Q

Morphine, Codeine, Hyrocodone/ Vicodin, Methadone (side effects)

A

Mental status change, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, respiratory depression, addiciton, physiological withdrawal.

113
Q

Oxycodone/ (Percocet, Percodan, OxyContin), Meperidine/ Demerol, Hydroporphone/ Dilaudid (use)

A

Analgesia for severe acute, chronic, or cancer-related pain. Antitussive, antidiarrheal, dyspnea with MI, acute pulmonary edema, left ventricular failure.

114
Q

Oxycodone/ (Percocet, Percodan, OxyContin), Meperidine/ Demerol, Hydroporphone/ Dilaudid (side effects)

A

Mental status change, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, respiratory depression, addiciton, physiological withdrawal.

115
Q

Oxycodone/ (Percocet, Percodan, OxyContin), Meperidine/ Demerol, Hydroporphone/ Dilaudid (side effects)

A

Opioid Narcotic

116
Q

Fentanyl/ Duragesic/ Actiq (class)

A

Opiod Narcotic

117
Q

Fentanyl/ Duragesic/ Actiq (use)

A

stable, chronic pain
(Duragesic- patch)
(Actiq Buccal- lozenge next to cheek for 15-45 minute “breakthrough” pain relief)

118
Q

Hydrocholrothiazide/HCTZ/ HydroDiuril (class)

A

Thiazide Diuretic

119
Q

Hydrocholrothiazide/HCTZ/ HydroDiuril use)

A

Decreased vascular resistance. Inhibit tubular reabsportion of sodium and cholride in the kidney (inhibits water reabsorption = increased urine volume)

120
Q

Hydrocholrothiazide/HCTZ/ HydroDiuril (side effects)

A

Hyperclycemia, hypO-KALEMIA, hyperuricemia, increased LDL, hypER-CALEMIA

121
Q

Furosemide/Lasix, Bumex, Edecrin (class)

A

Loop diuretics

122
Q

Furosemide/Lasix, Bumex, Edecrin (use)

A

Decreased vascular resistance: Inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loops of Henle.

123
Q

Furosemide/Lasix, Bumex, Edecrin (side effect)

A

Hyperclycemia, hypO-KALEMIA, hyperuricemia, increased LDL, hypO-CALEMIA

124
Q

Aldactone, Dyrenium, Midamor (use)

A

Decrease vascular resistance.

125
Q

Aldactone, Dyrenium, Midamor (class)

A

Potassium (K+) sparing diuretic

126
Q

Aldactone, Dyrenium, Midamor (side effects)

A

HypER-KALEMIA

127
Q

Propanolol/ Inderal (class)

A

Non-selective beta blockers (heart, lungs, arterioles)

128
Q

Nadolol/ Corgard (class)

A

Non-selective beta blockers (heart, lungs, arterioles)

129
Q

Penbutolol/ Levatol (class)

A

Non-selective beta blockers (heart, lungs, arterioles)

130
Q

Beta blockers (side effects)

A

Sleep disturbances, mental status change, depression, disorientation, cold extremities (peripheral vaso-constriction)

131
Q

Lopressor/Atenolol (class)

A

Beta-1 Selective beta blocker (heart)

132
Q

Lopressor/Atenolol (use)

A

Antihypertensive: blocks rennin release from the kidney and decreased CO by decreasing HR.

133
Q

Procardia XL, Norvasc, Cardizem, Verapamil (class)

A

Calcium channel blockers

134
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers (side effects)

A

Significant brachycardia, peripheral vasodilation (flushing, headache, ankle swelling, reflex tachycardia)

135
Q

Procardia XL, Norvasc, Cardizem, Verapamil (use)

A

Decreased peripheral resistance and vasodilation in coronary arteries (decreased contractility): Inhibit influx of Ca2+ ions into myocardial and vascular cells.

136
Q

Prazosin/ Minipress (class)

A

Alpha-adrenergic blocker (Alpha-1)

137
Q

Prazosin/ Minipress (use)

A

Arterial and venous vasodilation: Blocks alpha-1 receptors in smooth muscle.

138
Q

Prazosin/ Minipress (side effects)

A

Syncope, headache, palpiations.

139
Q

Clonidine/Catapres, Methyldopa/Aldomet (class)

A

Alpha-adrenergic blocker (Alpha-2)

140
Q

Clonidine/Catapres, Methyldopa/Aldomet (use)

A

Decrease HR, BP, peripheral resistance: stimulate alpha-2 receptors in brain stem to decrease SNS signals.

141
Q

Clonidine/Catapres, Methyldopa/Aldomet (side effects)

A

Dry mouth, sedation, depression

142
Q

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) (use)

A

Three or more anti-HIV medications to help people live longer and prevent from progression to AIDS.

143
Q

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) (side effects)

A

Rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea dizziness, weakness, fatigue, muscle pain, numbness, tingling, kidney stones, hyperglycemia, hypercholeterolemia.

144
Q

Isoniazid, Rifampin, Rafapentine (use)

A

Treatment for TB taken for 6-9 months.

145
Q

Tricyclic Anti-depressants (side effects)

A

Disturbed balance, postural hypotension, falls, fractures, increased HR, dysrhythmias, ataxia, seizures.

146
Q

Nitroglycerin (class)

A

Nitrate (angina)

147
Q

Nitroglycerin (use)

A

Sublingual, peripheral vasodilation and vasodilation for collateral vesses of the heart.

148
Q

Nitroglycerin (side effects)

A

Dizziness, flushing, headache, reflex tachycardia

149
Q

Zoloft, Paxil, Ativan (class)

A

Anti-depressants

150
Q

Zoloft, Paxil, Ativan (use)

A

Depression, stress-related angina

151
Q

Quinipril/ Accupril (class)

A

ACE inhibitor

152
Q

Quinipril/ Accupril (use)

A

Manage L ventricular failure. Inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to antiogtensin II (inhibits vascular smooth muscle contraction). Secretion of aldosterone is inhibited which decreased Na+ and H2O retension. Prevents inactivation of bradykinin which leads to vasodilation.

153
Q

Quinipril/ Accupril (side effects)

A

Nonproductive, dry cough, decreased taste, excessive hypotension, hyperkalemia, angioedema. C A P T O

154
Q

Captopril/Capoten (class)

A

ACE inhibitor

155
Q

Fosinopril/ Monopril (class)

A

ACE inhibitor

156
Q

Benazepril/ Lotensin (class)

A

ACE inhibitor

157
Q

Digoxin/ Lanoxin (class)

A

Cardiac Glycoside

158
Q

Digoxin/ Lanoxin (use)

A

Stage 4 CHF with systolic dysfunction and arrhythmia. Increases the force of contraction.

159
Q

Digoxin/ Lanoxin (side effects)

A

TOXICITY (arrhythmia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, mental status change, hallucinations, blurred vision)

160
Q

Hydralazine/ Apresoline, Minoxidil (class)

A

Vasodilator

161
Q

Hydralazine/ Apresoline, Minoxidil (use)

A

Vasodilator with CHF, hypertension

162
Q

Hydralazine/ Apresoline, Minoxidil (side effects)

A

GI disturbances, headache, flushing, nasal congestion, reflex tachycardia, Lupus-like syndrome (myalgia, arthralgia, rash)

163
Q

Warfarin/ Coumadin (class)

A

Anticoagulant

164
Q

Warfarin/ Coumadin (use)

A

Agonish of vitamin K which results in inhibition of clotting. Treats emboli, MI, and prevent venous thrombus.

165
Q

Warfarin/ Coumadin (side effects)

A

Massive hemorrhage, microemboli

166
Q

Heparin/ Fragmin/ Levenox/ Innohep (class)

A

Anticoagulant

167
Q

Heparin/ Fragmin/ Levenox/ Innohep (use)

A

Inhibits thrombin and other clotting factors

168
Q

Heparin/ Fragmin/ Levenox/ Innohep (side effects)

A

Increased risk of bleeding.

169
Q

Clopidogrel/ Plavix (class)

A

Antiplatelet Therapy - Aspirin

170
Q

Clopidogrel/ Plavix (use)

A

Inhibits platelet aggregation at the injury site. Treats CAD, angina, MI prevention, and PVD.

171
Q

Ticlopidine/ Ticlid (class)

A

Antiplatelet Therapy- Aspirin

172
Q

Ticlopidine/ Ticlid (side effects)

A

GI symptoms, dizziness, neuropenia

173
Q

Ticlopidine/ Ticlid (use)

A

Inhibits platelet aggregation at the injury site. Treats CAD, angina, MI prevention, and PVD. *TIA and CVA

174
Q

Benztropine/ Congentin (class)

A

Anticholinergic

175
Q

Oxybutynin/ Diropan (class)

A

Anticholinergic

176
Q

Artane (class)

A

Anticholinergic

177
Q

Anticholinergic (use)

A

Parkinson’s disease, muscle relaxant

178
Q

Anticholinergic (side effects)

A

Dry skin, no sweating, palpitations, mental status change, cardiac effects, pulmonary side effects, bleeding, Leukopenia, visual disturbances. TOXICITY = hot, dry, mad

Pharmacology (1 decks)

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