Board Review

Question 1

The ________ approach may be used in family therapy with a “here-and-now” focus that encourages change through growth experiences.

Answer 1

the experiential approach which focuses on the present and encourages change through growth experiences.

Question 2

What rating scale or questionnaire is most often uses to follow the depression treatment response such as drug trials, ECT, and TMS?

Answer 2

the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)-first developed in 1960.

Question 3

What type of medication is used to minimize unpleasant side effects and may improve therapeutic alliance in patients with schizophrenic patients?

Answer 3

antiparkinsonian medications

Question 4

What percent of the population worldwide is affected by schizophrenia?

Answer 4

1%

Question 5

What is four examples of positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 5

1. hallucinations
2. delusions
3. disorganized speech
4. behavior
5. catatonic behavior

Question 6

In order to diagnose schizophrenia, there must be ___ of the ____ symptoms for at least ___ months and include at least ___ month of positive and or negative symptoms. 1 of the 2 symptoms must be delusion, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.

Answer 6

must be 2 of the 5 symptoms; at least 6 months and include 1 month.

Question 7

_______ gating is the ability to suppress information; people with schizophrenia are often part of various endophenotypes that process these stimuli abnormally, which may contribute to the disease.

Answer 7

sensory gating

Question 8

Why does mirtazapine (Remeron) have less sexual side effects compared to other antidepressants?

Answer 8

blocks the 5HT-2A receptor

Question 9

Should the dose of mirtazapine be prescribed high or low when the intention is to improve a patient’s appetite and/or sleep?

Answer 9

lower doses

Question 10

What does mirtazapine (Remeron) have side effects like weight gain and sedation?

Answer 10

it is a potent histamine (H1) receptor antagonism

Question 11

What is a common reason that patient develop obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)?

Answer 11

strategy to avoid punishment due to overprotective or over-controlling parents.

Question 12

The ______ variable is the variable that is affected by the result of a manipulation or treatment.

Answer 12

dependent variable

Question 13

What is the first-line treatment for stereotypies?

Answer 13

Behavioral treatment; then SSRIs

Question 14

What is an appropriate dose of valproate for a hospitalized patient with significant manic symptoms?

Answer 14

20-30mg/kg

Question 15

Where in the body is melatonin (a serotonin derivative) believed to underlie the sleep-wake cycle and may aid those suffering from jet lag and insomnia?

Answer 15

the pineal gland

Question 16

Is melatonin safe to take if pregnant, nursing, or women trying to conceive?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

Does childhood-onset schizophrenia have a BETTER or WORSE prognosis compared to adult-onset schizophrenia?

Answer 17

worse prognosis

Question 18

After the first psychotic episode with patients with schizophrenia, ___% of patients will experience a benign course.

Answer 18

33%; vs. 66% relapse, fail to recover, or are hospitalized in the first 2 years.

Question 19

Who founded evidence-based practice which helps national guidelines close the gap between research outcome and practice?

Answer 19

Professor Archibald Leman Cochrane in 1972.

Question 20

What antidepressant has the greatest evidence of beneficial effect in patients with depressed mood and an eating disorder?

Answer 20

fluoxetine

Question 21

Beside schizophrenia, what other disorder can now be associated with catatonia?

Answer 21

depressive disorders

Question 22

What medication is an NMDA receptor antagonist?

Answer 22

Memantine

Question 23

What is the relationship of alcohol and the CYP-450 system?

Answer 23

Acute or binge use of alcohol ingestion lowers the rate of drug metabolism and alcohol serves as an enzyme inhibitor.

Question 24

What type of prevention is intended to keep a disease from occurring by removing its causes?

Answer 24

primary prevention

Question 25

What is the percentage of women in a community setting with antisocial personality disorder?

Answer 25

1% of the population; however, it is much higher in the clinical setting
(3-30%).