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Neurology > Blueprints > Flashcards

Blueprints Flashcards

1
Q

Aphasia

A

language abnormality

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2
Q

Right hemiparesis
Frustrated
Inability to produce language

A

Brocha lesion

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3
Q

Lesion in Brocha’s aphasia

A

posterior inferior frontal gyrus in left

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4
Q

Inability to comprehend
Neologisms
Paraphasia
Contralateral homonymous superior quadrantnopia

A

Wernicke’s

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5
Q

Lesion in Wernike’s

A

posterior superior temporal gyrus

Inferior MCA

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6
Q

Conduction aphasia

A

inability to repeat what is said

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7
Q

Lesion in conduction aphasia

A

arcuate fasciculus

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8
Q

Global aphasia

A

Large lesion affecting brocha’s and Wernike’s

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9
Q

Occipital lesion with involvement of the splenium of the corpus callosum causes

A

Alexia without agraphia

contralateral homonymous hemianopia

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10
Q

Apraxia

A

inability to perform learned tasks

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11
Q

Agnosia

A

Inability to recognize objects

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12
Q

prosopagnosia

A

inability to recognize faces

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13
Q

lesion in angular gyrus

A

Gerstmann Syndrome

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14
Q

Symptoms of Gerstmann syndrome

A

agraphia
acalculia
R-L confusion
finger agnosia

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15
Q

Neglect

A

Lesion in the non-dominant side causes neglect of left side of world

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16
Q

dementia with visual hallucinations

A

Lewy Body dementia

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17
Q

Chromosomal abnomralities in Alzeheimers’s

A 
Chromosone 1 presenilin 2
Chromosome 12 alpha 2 macroglobin
Chromosome 14 Presenilin 1
Chromosome 19 ApoE4 
Chromosome 21 APP
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18
Q

Pseudodementia

A

dementia from depression

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19
Q

Rx of alzehemier’s

A

Donepezil
Rivastigmine
Memantine

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20
Q

Criteria for vascular dementia

A

Dementia + one of the following

1) abrupt onset (macrovascular) or step wise (microvascular)
2) focal neurologic sign
3) imaging showing multiple local infarcts or lacunes

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21
Q

Pathogenesis of Lewy Body dementia

A

alpha syneculin accumulation in the cortical neurons (in parkinson’s alpha syneculin is found in the substantia nigra)

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22
Q

Genetic Defect Huntington

A

Autosomal dominant CAG repeat on chromosomal 4

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23
Q

Presentation Triad in Huntington

A

Chorea
Behavioral changes
Dementia

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24
Q

Pathology of Huntington

A

atrophy of caudate

Loss of inhibitory neurons in basal ganglia

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25
Q

Dementia
failure of vertical gaze
dysarthria, dysphagia
Gait ataxia

A

Progressive Supranuclear palsy

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26
Q

Atrophy of dorsal midbrain, globus pallidus and subthalamic nuclei

A

Progressive supranuclear palsy

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27
Q

Behavioral changes followed by dementia

A

Frontotemporal dementia

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28
Q

Rapidly progressing dementia

myoclonus

A

Prion related

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29
Q

14-3-3 CSF positive

A

CJD

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30
Q

Nomral sleep stages ad EEG findings

A 
Stage 1  theta
Stage 2 sleep spindles + k complexes
Stage 3 Delta 
Stage 4 50% increase in delta 
REM
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31
Q

What inhibits stage three sleep?

What inhibits REM sleep?

A

Stage III Benzos

REM Antidepressants + alcohol

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32
Q

Circadian rhythm us controlled by what area of the brain

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

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33
Q

Common deficiency in restless leg syndrome and management

A

Anemia—assess ferritin level

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34
Q

Treatment of Restless leg syndrome

A

Dopaminergic agents
Ropinirole
Pramipexole
levodopa

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35
Q

Criteria for Narcolepsy

A

Excessive daytime sleepiness
Cataplexy
Hypnogogic hallucinations
Sleep paralysis

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36
Q

Pathophysiology of Narcolepsy

A

loss of hypocretin secreting neurons

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37
Q

Diagnosis of narcolepsy

A

Decreased hypocretin in CSF
Multi-sleep Latency Test (PSG)
(>2 episodes of REM upon falling asleep)

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38
Q

Treatment of narcolepsy

A

Modafinil
Methylphenidate
dextroamphetamine

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39
Q

Treatment of cataplexy

A

TCA: clomipramine

Sodium oxabute

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40
Q

Somnabulism

A

Interruption of sleep with motor behaviors such as walking, dressing driving

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41
Q

Sleep terrors

A

No memory
Wake in terror with autonomic signs
Do not occur In REM sleep

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42
Q

REM behavior disorder

A

punching, kicking, jumping yelling etc during sleep

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43
Q

People with REM have increased incidence of

A

Parkinsons, Lewy Body demetnia

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44
Q

Treatment of REM behavior disorder

A

Clonazapam

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45
Q

Treatment for nocturnal cramps

A

quinine

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46
Q

bitemporal hemianopia

A

compression of optic chiasm

2’ to aneurysm, pituitary tumor

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47
Q

Disease associated with Saccular aneurysms and common sites

A

ADPKD
Ehlers-Danlos
Bifurcation of the anterior cerebral and anterior communicating

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48
Q

Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysm

A

Small vessel aneurysms that result from chronic hypertensions. Most commonly affecting the lenticulostriate vessels of the basal ganglia and thalamus

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49
Q

Central Post stroke syndrome

A

in 10% of stroke patients, weeks to months after stroke simple stimuli will cause pain. Due to thalamic lesions

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50
Q

Treatment of vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

nimodipine

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51
Q

Types of herniation from intracereberal hemorrhage

A

Cingulate
Downward transtentorial
Uncal herniation
Cerebellar tonislar

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52
Q

Signs of transtentorial herniation

A

altered mental status -occurs first
bilateral small pupils reactive to light -disruption of 1st order sympathetics
Cheyne-Stokes breathing
flexor/extensor posturing

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53
Q

Signs of uncal herniation

A

ipsilateral blown pupil, nonreactive
Down and out gaze
False localization (ipsilesional hemparesis)
*Commonly from epidural hematoma

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54
Q

Signs of Cerebellar herniation

A

respiratory arrest secondary to medullary compression. Rapidly fatal.

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55
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

Lateral skull fracture leading to a bleed in the middle meningeal artery, lens shaped on exam

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56
Q

History and Physical of Epidural hematoma

A

LOC followed by a lucid interval

Uncal herniation

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57
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

rupture of bridging veins after trauma causing accumulation of blood between the arachnoid and the dura causing a CRESCENT shaped mass

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58
Q

History and Physical with Subdural hematoma

A

headache
altered mental status
contralateral hemiparesis

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59
Q

Area most vulnerable to hypoxia

A

Hippocampus

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60
Q

type of necrosis in the brain

A

Liquefactive

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61
Q

MCA stroke

A

Motor upper limb and face-contralateral paralysis
Sensory upper limb and face-contralateral
Aphasia or heminegelct

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62
Q

Anterior Cerebral Artery Stroke

A

Contralateral Motor paresis to the leg

Contralateral Loss of sensation to the limb

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63
Q

Lenticulostriate artery stroke

A

Contralateral hemiparesis/hemplegia

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64
Q

Medial Medullary Syndrome

A

ASA occlusion
Contralateral hemiparesis-lateral corticospinal
decrease contralteral proprioception
Ipsilateral hypoglossal dysfunction

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65
Q

Lateral Medullary Syndrome

A

PICA stroke
DYSPHAGIA/HOARSNESS-
Vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus
ipsilateral decrease in face pain and temp
contralateral decrease in body pain and temp
ipsilateral horners
Ataxia/dysmetria

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66
Q

Lateral Pontine Syndrome

A 
AICA Stroke
Paralysis of face
Vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus
Ipsilateral pain and temp loss on face
Contralateral pain and temp loss body
Ataxia Dysmetria
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67
Q

PCA stroke

A

Contralateral hemianopia with macular sparing

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68
Q

Basilar Artery stroke

A

“Locked in” Syndrome

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69
Q

Anterior Communicating artery Stroke (or aneurysm)

A

Visual fields deficits

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70
Q

Posterior Communicating artery stroke

A

CNIII palsy Down and out with ptosis and mydriasis

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71
Q

Pathway of CSF

A

Monroe
Sylvius
Luschka/Magendie/Luschka

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72
Q

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

A

pseudotumor cerebri

Increased ICP with no cause on imaging

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73
Q

History and physical of pseudo tumor cerebri

A

Hx: HA, diplopia (CNVI palsy), no metnal status change
PE: Papilledema

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74
Q

RF for pseudotumor cerebri

A

Childbearing age
Vitamin A excess
Danazol

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75
Q

Treatment of pseudo tumor cerebri

A

Weight loss
Acetazolamide
Topiramate
Invasive procedures in refractory

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76
Q

Pathophysiology of NPH

A

expansion of the ventricles OUT OF PROPORTION with the sulci causes expansion of the corona radiata

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77
Q

Clinical Findings in Normal pressure hydrocephalus

A

Urinary incontinence
Dementia
Magenetic Ataxia
CT/MRI with enlarged ventricles out of proportion with sulci

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78
Q

Treatment of NPH

A

cerebral fluid shunting

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79
Q

Pathophysiology of Communicating hydrocephalus with symptoms

A

Decreased CSF reabsorption
Increased ICP
papillidema
herniation

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80
Q

Pathophysiology of Noncommunicating hydrocephalus

A

Outflow obstruction

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81
Q

Appearance of hydrocephalus from cortical atrophy causing appearance of increased ventricle size

A

Ex vacuo ventriculomegaly

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82
Q

Characteristics of simple partial seizure

A

No alteration in consciousness
Motor features such as progressive jerking
Sensory, autonomic and psychic features localized to half body

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83
Q

Characteristics of Complex partial

A

Alteration of consciousness
Auditory/visual hallucinations
automatisms-lip smacking
Temporal love 70-80%

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84
Q

Management of Partial seizures

A

EEG for localization and R/O pseudo
Blood work for secondary causes
MRI or CT with contrast

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85
Q

Treatment of recurrent partial seizures (5)

A 
Phenytoin
oxcarbazepine
carbamazepine
phenobarbital
valproic acid
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86
Q

First line anticonvulsant in children

A

Phenobarbital

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87
Q

Treatment for seizure lasting longer than ____ minutes

A

2 minutes
IV benzodiazepines
phenytoin-prophylaxis

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88
Q

Side effects of medications used to treat status

A

Benzos: repiratory depression, sedation, tolerance
Phenytoin: megaloblastic anemia, teratogen (fetal hydatoin syndrome), SLE, Steven Johnson, P450 inducer (CI in porphyria)

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89
Q

Side Effects Carbamazepine (6)

A 
Aplastic anemia
Hepatotoxicity
teratogen
P450 inducer (CI in porphyria)
SIADH
Steven's Johnson Syndrome
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90
Q

Side effects of valproic acid

A

Hepatotoxic

Neural tube defects

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91
Q

Side effects of first line seizure therapy in children

A 
Phenobarbital
sedation
tolerance
P450 induction
cardiorespiratory depression
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92
Q

Characteristics of tonic clonic seizure

A

Sudden onset
LOC
1-2 minutes of repetitive, symmetric clonic movements
Tongue biting and urinary incontinence are common

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93
Q

EEG for tonic clonic seizure

A

10 Hz activity during tonic phase

Slow waves during clonic phase

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94
Q

Management of Tonic clonic seziure

A

PROTECT the AIRWAY
Treat underlying cause
Medications

95
Q

Treatment tonic clonic seizure

A

Phenytoin
fosphenytoin
valproic acid
Lamotrigine and Topiramate are adjuvant therapy

96
Q

SE of Lamotrigine and Topiramate

A

Lamotrigine Steven Johnson

Topiramate Sedation, kidney stones, weight loss

97
Q

Characteristics absent seizures

A

child with 5-10 seconds impaired consciousness

Eye-fluttering and lip smacking

98
Q

EEG of absent seizure

A

3 per second spike and wave discharges

99
Q

Treatment of absent seziures

A

1st line Ethosuximide

2nd line Valproic acid

100
Q

SE of Ethosuxiide

A 
Fatigue
GI distress
Headache
Itching
Steven Johnson
101
Q

Definition Status epilepticus

A

Seizure lasting longer than 10 minutes or

Repetitive seizures where patient does not return to baseline consciousness

102
Q

Management of Status Epilepticus

A

ABC!
Administer thiamine, glucose and naloxone
IV benzos and loading dos fosphenytoin
If unrelenting intubate and load phenopbarb
Stat CT head to look for hemorrhage
EEG

103
Q

West Syndrome

A

Infantile spasms
generalized epilepsy beginning in first six months of life
tonic bilateral symmetric jerk of head, trunks and extrems in clusters of 5-10
arrest psychomotor development

104
Q

EEG findings in Infantile spasm

A

hypsarrythmia

105
Q

Treatment of infantile spasm

A

ACTH
prednisone
clonazepam

106
Q

Lennox Gestaut syndrome

A

Childhood usually 2-6yrs with multiple daily seizures (usually nocturnal) Usually resistant to treatment.

107
Q

Causes of infantile spasm

A

PKU
Tuberous sclerosis
infections
Hypoxic ischemic injury

108
Q

BPPV

A

Bengin Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

transient (

109
Q

Diagnosis of BPPV

A

Dix-Hallpike maneuver
While sitting turn head 45 degrees
Go supine while quickly moving head to the side
Positive for BPPV if nystagmus and vertigo produced

110
Q

Treatment for BPPV

A

modified Epley procedure

111
Q

Acute onset severe vertigo
ataxia
N/V
nystagmus

A

Acute Peripheral Vestibulopathy
Labyrinthitis-auditory changes
Vestibuloitis- no auditory changes

112
Q

Diagnosis Acute peripheral vestibulopathy

A

Diagnosis of exclusion-must rule out stroke
AICA stroke resembles labyrinthitis
PICA stroke resmebles vestibuloitis

113
Q

Treatment of acute peripheral vestibulopathy

A

Corticosteroids

114
Q

recurrent episodes of severe vertigo with auditory loss, N/V

A

Meniere Disease

115
Q

Diagnostic criteria for Meniere

A

two episodes lasting >20 mins
Hearing loss documented once on audiology
tinnitus or oral fullness

116
Q

recurrent mild-severe vertigo with headache and photophobia

A

Vestibular migrane

117
Q

Concerning differential in vestibular migrane

A

TIA causing dizziness
vertebral artery dissection with neck pain
Meniere disease with auditory symptoms

118
Q

Syncope more likely to be seizure if

A

> 30 seconds
bites tongue
has post-ictal symptoms
limb jerking

119
Q

Management of syncope if clearly not vasovagal

A

Holter monitor
ECG/cardiac enzymes
EEG
echocardiogram, tilt-table, neuroimaging

120
Q

Possible causes of syncope

A 
Cardiac arrythmias
Cardiac outflow obstruction
Basilar TIA
vasovagal
orthostatic hypotension
121
Q

Pathophysiology of Migraines

A

changes in serotonin and vasculature causes irritation of trigeminal nucleus

122
Q

Clinical presentation migraine

A

throbbing, unilateral headache >2 hours but

123
Q

Abortive therapy for migraine

A

Triptans
metoclopramide
analgesic therapy

124
Q

Migraine prophylaxis

A

anticonvulsants: gabapentin, topiramate
TCAs: amitriptyline
Beta blockers
CCBs

125
Q

Clinical presentation of cluster headache

A

excrutiating, unilateral, periorbital headache in males that affects same side at same time of day during same part year.
Lacrimation

126
Q

Acute therapy cluster headache

A

Oxygen
dihydroergotamine
octerotide
sumatriptan

127
Q

Prophylactic Therapy

A

Transitional: prednisone, ergotamine
Maintenance: verapamil, methylsergide, Li, valproate, topiramate

128
Q

Management of tension headache

A

Obtain ESR over concerns for Giant cell arteritis if patient >50

129
Q

Tension headache

A

bandlike, tight pain without N/V phobias

130
Q

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

Almost always a septic thrombosis from orbit, nasal sinus or central face

131
Q

Causitive agents of cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

S aureus most common
Aspergillus
Mucor

132
Q

Presentation of cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

Headache
orbital pain, edema, diplopia
Recent history of sinusitis or facial infection
Fever

133
Q

Diagnosis of Cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

Increase WBC
Blood cultures
CSF exam
MRI with contrast and MR venography

134
Q

Treatment of cavernous sinus thrombosis

A 
nafcillin or oxacillin
ceftriaxone or cefepime
metronidazole for anerobes
Vanc for MRSA
Surgery if no response to antis in 24hrs
135
Q

Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s

A

Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantial nigra pars compacta

136
Q

Symptoms of Parkinson’s

A

Pill Rolling Tremor
Cogwheel rigidity
Shuffling Gait
Bradykinesia

137
Q

RX of Parkinsons

A

Levodopa
Carbidopa
Selegeline
Amantadine

138
Q 
Rigidity
Fever
Elevated CK
leucocytosis
(And RX)
A

Neuroleptic malignant

RX with dantrolene and bromocriptine

139
Q

Akathisia (and RX)

A

Feel the need to move

Rx with beta blockers and anticholinergics

140
Q

bilateral postural tremor

A

Essential tremor

improves with alcohol

141
Q

Treatment of essential tremor

A

Primidone
Propranolol
Topiramate
gabapentin

142
Q

Treatment of chorea

A

haloperidol

143
Q

Hereditary Chorea

A

Huntington
Wilson
neuro-acanthocytosis

144
Q

Rx of myoclonus

A

clonzaepam and valproate

145
Q

Treatment of tics

A

Haloperidol or atypical neuroleptics
Clonazepam
Clonidine

146
Q

Children and Concussion: Return to play

A

No LOC and symptoms lasting 15 mins - One week

LOC 1-2 weeks

147
Q

Diffuse axonal injury

A

Associated with severe trauma

punctuate hemorrhage in the deep white matter

148
Q

encephalopathy
background slowing and triphasic waves
Liver dysfunction

A

Hepatic encephalopathy

149
Q

Facial neuropathy
optic neuroptahy
Pappiledema
noncaseating granuloma

A

Neurosarcoid

150
Q

Diagnosis of sarcoid

A

requires histology

151
Q

elevated ACE

CSF with protein and pleocytosis

A

Sarcoid

152
Q

Treatment sarcoid

A

Steroid

153
Q

Complications of diabetes

A

Distal polyneuropathy-particularly pain and temp.
Focal peripheral neuropathy
radiculopathy
chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy

154
Q

meralgia paresthetica

A

compression of the lateral cutaneous nerve

155
Q

Frontal-temporal dementia
seizures
pyramidal signs
focal demylenation and necrosis of corpus callosum

A

Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome

from alcohol use

156
Q

Isolated memory disturbance with confabulation

A

Korsakoff Syndrome

157
Q

Confusion
ataxia
ophthalmoplegia

A

Werinick’s

158
Q

Symptoms in SLE

A 
Hypercoaguable state-->stroke
Chorea
Transverse myelitis
Headaches
Seizures
distal symmetric sensory polyneuropathy
159
Q

Treatment of SLE

A

Corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide

160
Q

recurrent thrombosis
recurrent fetal loss
thrombocytopenia

A

Antiphospholipid syndrome

161
Q

Treatment of antiphospholipid syndrome

A

Long term warfarin therapy

162
Q

Gliomas

A 
Originate from glial cells, supportive non neuronal cells
Astrocytoma
Oligodendroglioma
epydymoma
Choroid plexus papilloma
163
Q

High malignant primary brain tumors with anaplasia and high cellularity.
Necrosis
Neovascular proliferation

A

Glioblastoma Multiforme (Grade 4 astrocytoma)

164
Q

Presentation of GBM

A

Headaches
Seizures
Focal Neurologic deficits
Mental Status changes

165
Q

butterfly pattern from invasion of corpus callosum

A

GBM

166
Q

Stain with GFAP

pseudopalisading on histology

A

GBM

167
Q

GFAP+ tumor more common in children

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma

168
Q

Location of Pilocytic astrocytoma

A

Posterior fossa in children

169
Q

Rosenthal fibers

A

Astrocytoma

170
Q

Brain tumor
Common in frontal lobes
Very slow growth

A

Oligodendroglioma

171
Q

Histology: fried egg cells

calcifications

A

Oligodendroglioma

172
Q

Chemotherapy for oligodendroglioma

A

Procarbazine
Lomustine
Vincristine

173
Q

Tumor most commonly found in the fourth ventricle

A

Ependymoma

174
Q

perivascular pseudorosettes

A

Ependymoma

175
Q

spindle cells in a whorled pattern

A

meningioma

176
Q

psamomma bodies

A

meningioma

177
Q

Highly malignant cerebellar tumor

A

Medulloblastoma

178
Q

primitive neuroectodermal tumor commonly impairing the fourth ventricle

A

Medulloblastoma

179
Q

Drop metastasis to spinal cord

A

Medulloblastoma

180
Q

Most classically at the cerebellopontine angle

A

Schwannoma

181
Q

S100 positive

A

Schwannoma

182
Q

Localizes to CN8

A

Schwannoma

183
Q

Brain tumor associated with Von Hipple Lindau

A

Hemangioblastoma

184
Q

Brain tumor that can generate secondary polycythemia

A

Hemangioblastoma

185
Q

Benign childhood tumor that can be confused with pituitary adenoma

A

Craniopharyngioma

186
Q

Tumor from remnants of Rathke’s pouch

A

Craniopharyngioma

187
Q

Differential of ophthalmoplegia

A 
Werinicke's
Miller Fisher
Multiple sclerosis
Cerebellar stroke
Posterior fossa mass
188
Q

Ataxia
arereflexia
ophthalmoplegia

A

Miller Fisher

A decesending paralysis that is similar to Guianne Barre Syndrome

189
Q

Akinetic gait

A

Parkinsons

Stooped posture with a narrow based gait, slow shuffling with small steps

190
Q

Frontal/Magnetic gait

A

HYDROCEPHALUS
tumor
stroke
neurodegenerative

191
Q

Waddling Gait

A

Hip-Girdle weakness:
Muscular dystrophy
Spinal muscle atrophy
acquired proximal myopathy

192
Q

Slapping gait

A

B12 deficiency

Tabes dorsalis

193
Q

Vermal vs Hemispehric ataxia

A

Vermal:truncal
Hemispheric: ipsilateral ataxia.

194
Q

abrupt vertigo, vomiting, ataxia

A

Cerebellar hemorrhage or ischemia

195
Q

Progressive vermal ataxia over weeks to months

A

Alcoholic cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause of progressive ataxia

196
Q

Age 2-7
Dysarthria
Ataxia

A

Postinfectious cerebellitis

197
Q

Truncal/gait ataxia
Dysarthria
ocular motility issues

A

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration

198
Q 
loss reflexes
ataxia
severe dysarthria
spasticity
impaired vibration and position
A

Fredrich’s Ataxia

199
Q

Brief episodes of ataxia, vertigo, nausea, vomiting,

A

Inherited episodic ataxia

autosomal recessive

200
Q

Mutations in Inherited episodic ataia

A

EA-1 mutation in voltage gated K channel

EA-2 mutation in Q/C calcium channel

201
Q

Ataxia
Dysarthria
Strong family history

A

Autosomal dominant Spinocerebellar degenerations

202
Q

Mutation in autosomal dominant spinnocerebellar degeneration

A

CAG repeat in the SCA6 gene which corresponds to the Q/C Ca channel that is in EA-2

203
Q

Types of bladder incontinence

A

Urge
Stress
Overflow

204
Q

Treatment of urge incontinence

A

Anticholinergics-tolterodine, oxybutynin, propantheline
TCA-imipramine
Desmopressin

205
Q

Treatment of stress incontinence

A

Alpha adernergic agonist-phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine
Estrogen

206
Q

Treatment of Atonic overflow incontinence

A

Crede’s maneuver

self catheterization

207
Q

Disease causing bladder instability

A 
Multiple sclerosis
Spinal cord injury
Frontal/pontine strokes
Parkinsons
Peripheral nerve disease
208
Q

Contraidications for triptans

A

Cornoary artery disease

209
Q

unilateral headache
autonomic features
short duration, high frequency

A

Paroxysmal hemicrania

210
Q

Headache worse when upright

bilateral headache

A

Low-pressure headache

211
Q

Treatment of low pressure headache

A

Recumbencey
Fluid replacement
Caffeine
Blood patch

212
Q

Headache severe when recumbent
worse in the morning
pulsatile
tinnitus

A

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

213
Q

Headache
Jaw Claudition
Fever, weight loss, fatigue

A

Temporal Arteritis

214
Q

electric painful sensation in the face triggered by tactile stimulation

A

Trigeminal neuralgia

215
Q

Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia

A

carbamazepine

216
Q

burning, itching and hypersensitivity to touch along the face

A

postherpetic neuralgia

217
Q

Treatment of postherpeti neuralgia

A

TCA

gabapentin

218
Q

Interferon therapy requires monitoring of?

A

CBC

Liver fucntion

219
Q

Side effects of mitoxantron

A

cardiotoxicity

220
Q

multiple, patchy, bilateral confluent lesions effecting the posterior cerebral hemisphere

A

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

221
Q

dementia
focal cortical dysfunction
cerebellar anamolies

A

Progressive Monofocal leukoencephalopathy

Pateints with AIDS, leukemia and lymphoma

222
Q

Pathophysiology of PML

A

JC virus infects and demyelinates oligodendrocytes

223
Q

Seeding of bacterial meningitis

A

hematagenous spread from lungs
direct from procedures
From sinuses or mastoiditis

224
Q

MAnagement of presentation of bacterial meningitis

A

LP must be performed
CT scan and LP if pappiledema
If delay in LP then given empiric antibiotic therapy

225
Q

Abcess formation

A

From sinuses
Open trauma
Neuro procedures

226
Q

Multiple abcess formation

A

hematagenous from endocraditis

immunocompromised

227
Q

HSV encephalitis pathophysiology

A

invasion of the brain paranchyma specifically the medial temporal lobe

228
Q

Symptoms of HSV encephalitis

A

Memory impairment
seizures
olfactory hallucinations

229
Q

india ink

A

Cryptococcus

230
Q

multiple intracranial lesions

A

Toxoplasma

Lymphoma

231
Q

seizure
HA
increased ICP
multiple cystic lesions

A

Neurocysticercosis

From pork taenia solium

232
Q

Treatment of neurocysticercosis

A

albendazole

steroids

233
Q

complications of HIV

A 
dementia
myelopathy
txxoplasma
cryptococcus
PML

Neurology (3 decks)

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