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Cardiovascular Anatomy > Blood supply to head, neck and limbs > Flashcards

Blood supply to head, neck and limbs Flashcards

1
Q

What does the arterial supply to the head and neck consist of?

A 
Common carotid (external and internal)
Subclavian (vertebral)
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2
Q

When do the common carotid arteries bifurcate?

A

Common carotids ascend neck
Bifurcate at C4 (margin of thyroid cartilage)
Within carotid triangle

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3
Q

What forms the carotid triangle?

A

Omohyoid (left)
Digastric (upper)
Sternocleidomastoid (right)

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4
Q

Describe the external carotid artery

A

Supplies head and neck (outside cranium)
8 branches
Terminates in the parotid gland

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5
Q

What are the 8 branches of the external carotid artery?

A 
Superior thyroid a.
Lingual a. (tongue)
Facial a. (superficial skin and underlying tissues)
Ascending pharyngeal a.
Occipital a.
Posterior auricular a.
Superficial temporal a. (scalp)
Maxillary a. (deeper supply)
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6
Q

What is the carotid sinus?

A

Dilated segments of common and internal carotid arteries

Detection and regulation of blood pressure (baroreceptor)

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7
Q

Describe the internal carotid artery

A

Supplies the brain, eyes and forehead

Forms part of the Circle of Willis entering the cranial cavity via the carotid canal

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8
Q

Describe the vertebral artery

A

Arise from subclavian artery
Ascend through the transverse foramina of c spine
Enter foramen magnum and converge
Supply the brain via the Circle of Willis

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9
Q

What are the types of jugular veins?

A

Internal
External
Anterior

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10
Q

Describe the internal jugular vein

A

Deepest and largest, drains brain and skull

Combines with subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic vein

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11
Q

Describe the external jugular vein

A

Drains face and scalp

Empties into subclavian vein

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12
Q

Describe the anterior jugular vein

A

Drains anterior neck

Empties into subclavian vein

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13
Q

What is the carotid sheath?

A

Paired structures found on either side of the anterior neck

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14
Q

What are the contents of the carotid sheath?

A

Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve
Cervical lymph nodes

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15
Q

What does the subclavian artery become and where?

A

Axially artery at lateral margin of first rib

Passes through the axilla

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16
Q

What does the axillary artery become and where?

A

Brachial artery

Inferior margin of Teres Major

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17
Q

What are the arteries supplying the upper limb?

A

Profunda brachii
Brachial
Radial
Ulnar

18
Q

What are the arteries supplying the hands?

A

Superficial palmar arch

Deep palmar arch

19
Q

What does the ulnar and radial arteries supply in the hands?

A

Half first digit to thumb= radial

Half of first digit to pinkie= ulnar

20
Q

What are the veins draining the hand?

A

Dorsal venous network

Anatomical snuffbox

21
Q

What are the veins draining the upper limb?

A 
Cephalic vein 
Basilic vein (subcutaneous superficial and deep)
Median cubital vein
Ulnar veins
Radial veins
Brachial veins
Axillary vein
Subclavian
22
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the lower limbs/ thigh

A

External iliac artery
Femoral artery (passes under the inguinal ligament)
Deep artery of the thigh/ perfunda femorus
Popliteal artery (passes posteriorly through adductor hiatus)

23
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the lower limbs/ leg

A 
Anterior tibial artery (passes through aperture in interosseous membrane)
Peroneal
Dorsalis pedis artery
/
Posterior tibial artery
Fibular artery
24
Q

Describe the arterial system in the feet

A 
Dorsal arch
Lateral plantar
Medial plantar
Plantar arch
Deep plantar
25
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the feet

A

Dorsal venous arch

Lateral and medial malleolus (ankle)

26
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the leg

A

Great and small saphenous vein
Anterior and posterior tibial
Popliteal vein

27
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the lower limb/ thigh

A

Femoral vein
Deep femoral
Femoral circumflex
External iliac

28
Q

What is the histology of arteries

A

Tunica intima= endothelial cells, connective tissue
Tunica media= smooth muscle cells and collagen (thickest part)
Tunica adventitia= thin connective tissue layer, contains lymphatics, nerves and blood vessels

29
Q

Where can pulses be taken?

A

Radial= lateral wrist
Brachial= medial to biceps tendon
Femoral= mid-inguinal point
Popliteal= popliteal fossa
Anterior tibial= lateral edge of mid tibia
Posterior tibial= posterior to medial malleolus
Dorsalis pedis= dorsum of foot

30
Q

What is the order of branches of arteries in the face?

A

Lingual= 2nd
Facial= 3rd
Maxillary= 4th
Superficial temporal= 5th

31
Q

What do the internal jugular and the subclavian veins unite to form?

A

Brachiocephalic vein

32
Q

What are the differences between superficial and deep veins in the upper limb?

A

Deep veins usually occur as paired accompanying veins, known as venae comitantes travelling with (and named after) the arteries.
Superficial veins originate in the subcutaneous tissue and are mostly single, unpaired vessels

33
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the hand

A
  • Deep palmar arch= predominantly formed from radial artery with an anastomosis with the deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery
  • Superficial palmar arch= primarily formed from ulnar artery with contribution from superficial palmar branch of radial artery
  • Arches separated by passage of flexor tendons of the digits (flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus)
34
Q

In which anatomical region does Profunda femoris branch from right femoral artery?

A

Femoral triangle

35
Q

Where does right common iliac artery branch to form right external iliac and left internal iliac arteries?

A

Anterior to Sacroiliac joints

36
Q

How can you palpate the brachial artery?

A
  • Halfway down medial side of arm

- Medial and deep to border of biceps muscle, pushing firmly

37
Q

How can you palpate the radial artery?

A
  • Finger lightly on lateral side of wrist at level the wrist creases
  • Move finger medially along anterior side of wrist until moving against flexor carpi radialis tendon
  • Lateral to tendon
38
Q

How can you palpate the femoral artery?

A
  • Distal to midpoint of inguinal ligament
  • Identify anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle on pelvis
  • Move approx. half way along line between points then move inferiorly into femoral triangle
39
Q

How can you palpate the popliteal artery?

A
  • Popliteal fossa (posterior aspect of knee)
  • Deep structure so push firmly
  • Lie prone/ on front with knee flexed to relax popliteal fascia and hamstrings
40
Q

How can you palpate the anterior tibial artery?

A
  • When extending (lifting) toes, palpate long tendons to toes and big toes
  • Anterior tibial artery palpated anterior to ankle joint between long tendon to big toe (extensor hallucis longus) and tendons to other toes (extensor digitorium)
41
Q

How can you palpate the posterior tibial artery?

A
  • Space between posterior surface of medial malleolus (tibia) and medial border of calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
  • Invert foot/ move medially to help

Cardiovascular Anatomy (7 decks)

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