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Unit 8- Anatomy 1 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Hematocrit (Formed Elements)

A

45%
RBC
WBC

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2
Q

Liquid Matrix (plasma)

A

55%
Water-92%
Proteins- 7%
Electrolytes- 1%

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3
Q

Erythrocytes

A 
Most Abundant Cell
99.9% of formed elements
Upon maturity they lose organelles
Life span of 120 days
one cell= 280 million hemoglobin molecules
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4
Q

One drop of blood=

A

260 million RBCs

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5
Q

Adult Females

A

4.9 million RBC

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6
Q

Adult Males

A

5.4 million RBC

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7
Q

Hemoglobin

A

4 protein chains= carry small amount of CO2
Consists of Iron-O2 binds to
Biliverdin- stabilizes iron

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8
Q

Antigens

A

molecules that cause immune reactions
exist on cell surfaces
may serve as cell recognition markers

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9
Q

Antibodies

A

Proteins known as immunoglobulins
Produced by plasma cells
Attach or bind to specific antigens

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10
Q

Eosinophils

A

secrete antihystamenes

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11
Q

T Cells

A

attack foreign cells

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12
Q

B cells(when active)

A

plasma cells= secrete antibodies

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13
Q

Basophils

A

secrete hystamenes and heparin (prevents blood from clotting)

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14
Q

Monocytes

A

Macrophages

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15
Q

Platelets

A

cell fragments that help blood clot

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16
Q

Fibrinogen

A

blood clotting

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17
Q

Globulin

A

transport proteins or antibodies

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18
Q

Albumin

A

influences osmosis (most abundant protein in blood)

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19
Q

Hematocrit (formed elements)

A

45% of blood
RBC
WBC

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20
Q

Liquid matrix (plasma)

A

55% of blood
Water- 92%
Proteins- 7%
Electrolytes- 1%

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21
Q

Blood is what type of connective tissue?

A

fluid connective

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22
Q

Spectrin

A

keeps red blood cells flexible

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23
Q

Hemoglobin

A

4 protein chains

Carries small amount of CO2

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24
Q

Heme consists of ..

A

Iron-O2 binds to

Biliverdin- stabilizes iron

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25
Q

Antigens

A

molecules that cause immune reactions
exist on cell surfaces
may serve as cell recognition markers

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26
Q

Antibodies

A

proteins known as immunoglobulins
produced by plasma cells
attach or bind to specific antigens

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27
Q

Type A

A 
Antigen A
Anti-B antibodies
Receive blood from A and O
Donate blood to A and AB
Donate plasma to A and O
Receive plasma from A and AB
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28
Q

Type B

A 
Antigen B
Anti-A antibodies
Receive blood from B and O
Donate blood to B and AB
Donate plasma to B and O
Receive plasma from B and AB
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29
Q

Type AB

A 
Antigens A and B
Neither antibodies
Receive blood from A, B, AB, and O
Donate blood to AB
Donate plasma to A, B, AB, and O
Receive plasma from AB
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30
Q

Type O

A 
Neither antigens
Both antibodies
Receive blood from- O
Donate blood to A, AB, B, and O
Donate plasma to O
Receive plasma from A, AB, B, and O
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31
Q

Universal plasma donor

A

AB- no antibodies

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32
Q

Universal blood donor

A

O- no antigens

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33
Q

Rh positive individuals

A

carry the antigen

have no Rh antibodies

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34
Q

Rh negative individuals

A

do not carry the antigen
naturally do not have the antibody
once exposed to Rh antigen, they can develop the antibodies

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35
Q

Rhogam Shots

A

antibody that covers up Rh antigens

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36
Q

Blood cells come from ..

A

Mesoderm

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37
Q

Erythroblast

A

immature red blood cell that contains all organelles

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38
Q

Reticulocyte

A

RBC that has lost all of its organelles, and its nucleus last

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39
Q

Erythropoeisis

A

the formation of erythrocytes

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40
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A

stimulates erythropoiesis

shortens time of maturation

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41
Q

Erythropoeisis is influenced by ..

A 
hypoxia
nutrition
high altitude
damage to lung tissue
poor health
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42
Q

Spleen

A

graveyard of erythrocytes

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43
Q

Pernicious Anemia

A

deficiency of intrinsic factor

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44
Q

Aplastic Anemia

A

destruction to myeloid tissue

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45
Q

Polycythemia

A

elevated formed elements (mainly erythrocytes)

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46
Q

Hemorrhagic Anemia

A

blood loss

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47
Q

Hemolytic Anemia

A

destruction of erythrocytes

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48
Q

Transfervin

A

transports iron in the blood

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49
Q

Agranulocytes

A

Monocytes

Lymphocytes- t cells, b cells, nk cells

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50
Q

Granulocytes

A

basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils

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51
Q

Leukopoiesis

A

the formation of leukocytes

52
Q

Myeloid Stem Cells

A

give rise to the 3 granulocytes

give rise to monocytes

53
Q

Lymphoid Stem cells

A

give rise to lymphocytes

54
Q

Thrombopoiesis

A

formation of the platelets

occurs in the bone marrow

55
Q

Megakaryocytes

A

larger cell that platelets come from

56
Q

Leukopenia

A

low levels of WBCs

57
Q

Leukocytosis

A

high levels of WBCs

58
Q

Leukemia

A

cancer of the hemopoietic tissue

59
Q

Vascular Spasm

A

quick immediate response
damaged blood vessels constrict on either end of the cut
short lived

60
Q

Platelet Plug Formation

A

platelets begin to stick to damaged endothelial membrane
congregate into platelet plug
seals the “hole”

61
Q

Coagulation

A

Soluble fibrinogen is converted into insoluble fibrin

Involves 2 pathways leading to coagulation

62
Q

Extrinsic Pathway

A

involves perivascular tissue

contribute to initiating the coagulation phase

63
Q

Intrinsic Pathway

A

activated when blood encounters exposed collagen fibers
contribute to initiating the coagulation phase
slower but stronger clot reaction

64
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

natural dissolving of a clot

65
Q

Common Pathway

A

prothrombin gets activated into thrombin
thrombin modifies soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin
clot retraction forms as platelets contract

66
Q

Capillaries

A

deliver blood to tissues

67
Q

Arteries

A

blood away from heart

68
Q

Veins

A

blood to heart

69
Q

Eosinophils

A

secrete antihystamenes

70
Q

T Cells

A

attack foreign cells

71
Q

B cells(when active)

A

plasma cells= secrete antibodies

72
Q

Basophils

A

secrete hystamenes and heparin (prevents blood from clotting)

73
Q

Monocytes

A

Macrophages

74
Q

Platelets

A

cell fragments that help blood clot

75
Q

Fibrinogen

A

blood clotting

76
Q

Globulin

A

transport proteins or antibodies

77
Q

Albumin

A

influences osmosis (most abundant protein in blood)

78
Q

Hematocrit (formed elements)

A

45% of blood
RBC
WBC

79
Q

Liquid matrix (plasma)

A

55% of blood
Water- 92%
Proteins- 7%
Electrolytes- 1%

80
Q

Blood is what type of connective tissue?

A

fluid connective

81
Q

Spectrin

A

keeps red blood cells flexible

82
Q

Hemoglobin

A

4 protein chains

Carries small amount of CO2

83
Q

Heme consists of ..

A

Iron-O2 binds to

Biliverdin- stabilizes iron

84
Q

Antigens

A

molecules that cause immune reactions
exist on cell surfaces
may serve as cell recognition markers

85
Q

Antibodies

A

proteins known as immunoglobulins
produced by plasma cells
attach or bind to specific antigens

86
Q

Type A

A 
Antigen A
Anti-B antibodies
Receive blood from A and O
Donate blood to A and AB
Donate plasma to A and O
Receive plasma from A and AB
87
Q

Type B

A 
Antigen B
Anti-A antibodies
Receive blood from B and O
Donate blood to B and AB
Donate plasma to B and O
Receive plasma from B and AB
88
Q

Type AB

A 
Antigens A and B
Neither antibodies
Receive blood from A, B, AB, and O
Donate blood to AB
Donate plasma to A, B, AB, and O
Receive plasma from AB
89
Q

Type O

A 
Neither antigens
Both antibodies
Receive blood from- O
Donate blood to A, AB, B, and O
Donate plasma to O
Receive plasma from A, AB, B, and O
90
Q

Universal plasma donor

A

AB- no antibodies

91
Q

Universal blood donor

A

O- no antigens

92
Q

Rh positive individuals

A

carry the antigen

have no Rh antibodies

93
Q

Rh negative individuals

A

do not carry the antigen
naturally do not have the antibody
once exposed to Rh antigen, they can develop the antibodies

94
Q

Rhogam Shots

A

antibody that covers up Rh antigens

95
Q

Blood cells come from ..

A

Mesoderm

96
Q

Erythroblast

A

immature red blood cell that contains all organelles

97
Q

Reticulocyte

A

RBC that has lost all of its organelles, and its nucleus last

98
Q

Erythropoeisis

A

the formation of erythrocytes

99
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A

stimulates erythropoiesis

shortens time of maturation

100
Q

Erythropoeisis is influenced by ..

A 
hypoxia
nutrition
high altitude
damage to lung tissue
poor health
101
Q

Spleen

A

graveyard of erythrocytes

102
Q

Pernicious Anemia

A

deficiency of intrinsic factor

103
Q

Aplastic Anemia

A

destruction to myeloid tissue

104
Q

Polycythemia

A

elevated formed elements (mainly erythrocytes)

105
Q

Hemorrhagic Anemia

A

blood loss

106
Q

Hemolytic Anemia

A

destruction of erythrocytes

107
Q

Transfervin

A

transports iron in the blood

108
Q

Agranulocytes

A

Monocytes

Lymphocytes- t cells, b cells, nk cells

109
Q

Granulocytes

A

basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils

110
Q

Leukopoiesis

A

the formation of leukocytes

111
Q

Myeloid Stem Cells

A

give rise to the 3 granulocytes

give rise to monocytes

112
Q

Lymphoid Stem cells

A

give rise to lymphocytes

113
Q

Thrombopoiesis

A

formation of the platelets

occurs in the bone marrow

114
Q

Megakaryocytes

A

larger cell that platelets come from

115
Q

Leukopenia

A

low levels of WBCs

116
Q

Leukocytosis

A

high levels of WBCs

117
Q

Leukemia

A

cancer of the hemopoietic tissue

118
Q

Vascular Spasm

A

quick immediate response
damaged blood vessels constrict on either end of the cut
short lived

119
Q

Platelet Plug Formation

A

platelets begin to stick to damaged endothelial membrane
congregate into platelet plug
seals the “hole”

120
Q

Coagulation

A

Soluble fibrinogen is converted into insoluble fibrin

Involves 2 pathways leading to coagulation

121
Q

Extrinsic Pathway

A

involves perivascular tissue

contribute to initiating the coagulation phase

122
Q

Intrinsic Pathway

A

activated when blood encounters exposed collagen fibers
contribute to initiating the coagulation phase
slower but stronger clot reaction

123
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

natural dissolving of a clot

124
Q

Common Pathway

A

prothrombin gets activated into thrombin
thrombin modifies soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin
clot retraction forms as platelets contract

125
Q

Capillaries

A

deliver blood to tissues

126
Q

Arteries

A

blood away from heart

127
Q

Veins

A

blood to heart

Unit 8- Anatomy 1 (1 decks)

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