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Anatomy exam study > BLOCK E ANATOMY > Flashcards

BLOCK E ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

ID Structures

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial fascia (Yellow = Camper’s fascia, purple = Scarpa’s fascia)
  3. Deep fascia
  4. Anterolateral wall muscles
  5. Transversalis fascia
  6. Extraperitoneal fatty tissue
  7. Peritoneum
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2
Q

What structures does the inguinal ligament attach to?

A

The anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the pubic tubercle.

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3
Q

Name the 4 layers of muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

A
  1. External oblique
  2. Internal oblique
  3. Transversus abdominis (with an opening)
  4. Rectus abdominis
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4
Q

Describe the arcuate line

A
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5
Q

Identify the following structures

A
  1. Xiphoid process
  2. Costal cartilages (ribs 5-7)
  3. Linea Alba
  4. Tendinous intersections
  5. Linea semilunaris
  6. Pubic crest
  7. Pubic symphysis
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6
Q

Name the following structure

A

Aponeurosis

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7
Q

What is the only thing posterior to the rectus abdominis muscle below the arcuate line?

A

The transversalis fascia

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8
Q

What is the blood supply to the rectus sheath?

A
  1. Superior epigastric artery (branching off the internal thoracic artery which in turn branches off the subclavian artery)
  2. Inferior epigastric artery branching off the external iliac artery.
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9
Q

What is the blood supply to the lateral muscles?

A

The lumbar artery and the circumflex artery (from external iliac)

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10
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the anterior abdominal wall

A

For the muscle layers: venous drainage goes with artery system (superior epigastric vein, inferior epigastric vein, circumflex vein).

Superficially:
Everything below the umbilicus drains into the superficial epigastric vein drains into the femoral vein.
Everything above the umbilicus drains into the thoraco-epigastric vein, which ends up in the axillary vein.

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11
Q

Describe the lymphatic system of the anterior abdominal wall

A

Above umbilicus: axillary lymph nodes
Below umbilicus: superficiel inguinal lymph nodes

Central lymphatic drainage: parasternal lymph nodes

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12
Q

What are thoracoabdominal nerves?

A

Extensions from T7 to T12 thoracic intercostal and subcostal nerves, into the abdominal region. These are for sensory innervation.

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13
Q

Which thoracoabdominal nerve is located at the level of the umbilicus?

A

T10.

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14
Q

Describe the iliohypogastric nerves

A

Pierces the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle, 3-5 cm above the superficial inguinal ring.

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15
Q

Describe the ilioinguinal nerves

A

Emerges from the superficial inguinal ring and passes on the surface of the spermatic cord.

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16
Q

What is the inguinal canal?

A

Canal going from the deep inguinal ring (halfway between ASIS and pubic tubercle) to the superficial inguinal ring.

In males, contains spermatic cord.

17
Q

Which layer of the anterior abdominal wall does not give rise to anything related to the descent of the testis?

A

The transversus abdominus muscle.

18
Q

In women, what does the inguinal canal contain?

A

The round ligament of the uterus

19
Q

Describe direct inguinal hernias

A

Less common type
Passes through the inferior part of the inguinal triangle (Hasselbach’s triance)
Directly into the wall.
On the patient, these hernias remain in the inguinal region (do not descend in the testes)

Medial to the inferior epigastric artery

20
Q

Describe indirect inguinal hernias

A

More common type, in male children.
Hernia is through the inguinal canal
Lateral to the inferior epigastric artery
Most likely to occur when there is patent processus vaginalis.

Likely to descend in the scrotum

21
Q

What are the borders of the Hasselbach’s triangle?

A

Medial border = rectus abdominis
Superolateral border = inferior epigastric vessels
Inferior border = inguinal ligament

22
Q

What are femoral hernias?

A

Hernias occurring below the inguinal ligament, when abdominal contents leak through the femoral ring /canal. Almost all in females.

23
Q

Name these planes

A
  1. Midclavicular line
  2. Transpyloric plane
  3. Subcostal plane
  4. Transumbilical plane
  5. Intertubercular plane
  6. Interspinous plane
24
Q

Name these structures

A
  1. Iliac tubercle
  2. ASIS
  3. Sacral promontory
25
Q

Name these structures

A
  1. Lesser Sac
  2. Greater Sac
  3. Lesser omentum
  4. Stomach
  5. Greater omentum
  6. Mesentery
  7. Small intestine
26
Q

Name the intraperitoneal organs

A
  1. Liver
  2. Stomach
  3. Spleen
  4. Duodenum (D1 and D4)
  5. Small intestines
  6. Cecum
  7. Appendix
  8. Transverse colon
  9. Sigmoid colon
  10. Rectum (upper 3rd)
  11. Fallopian tubes / ovaries
27
Q

Name the retroperitoneal organs

A

Primary retroperitoneal: adrenal glands, kindeys, ureters, bladder, aorta, IVC.

Secondary retroperitoneal:
- Head and neck of pancreas (but not tail)
- D2 and D3 of the duodenum
- Ascending and descending portions of the colon

28
Q

What are secondary retroperitoneal organs?

A

Organs that were originally suspended in the abdominal cavity but migrated to the posterior peritoneum during embryogenesis.

29
Q

Are mesenteries single or double sheets of peritoneal membrane?

A

Double!!!

30
Q

Name the 3 mesenteries and what they suspend in the peritoneal cavity

A

Mesentery proper: small intestine
Transverse mesocolon: transverse colon
Sigmoid mesocolon: sigmoid colon

31
Q

What is the gastrocolic ligament?

A

The portion of the greater omentum that stretches from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon.

32
Q

What are the 2 ligaments making up the lesser omentum, and what is the name of the opening into the lesser sac?

A

Hepatogastric ligament
Hepatoduodenal ligament

Opening = epiploic foramen

33
Q

What is the falciform ligament?

A

The ligament which attaches the liver to the anterior body wall. It gives rise to the ligamentum teres hepatis, which is an embryological remnant of the umbilical vein.

34
Q

Describe the way in which the liver is attached in the intraperitoneal space

A

Bare area
Coronary ligaments

Anatomy exam study (3 decks)

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