Block E Flashcards
What is the order of reactions in type three hypersensitivity? (5 marks)
-antibodies bind to antigen
-immune complex formed
-cytokines released
-neutrophils granulate
-tissue is damaged
TRUE/FALSE: Inflammation is a biological response of the innate immune system and can be triggered by bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites.
True
TRUE/FALSE: Inflammation is a biological response of the innate immune system and can be triggered by damaged cells.
True
Which ONE of the following is NOT a classic sign of inflammation:
-loss of function
-pain
-loss of speech
-redness
-heat
loss of speech
What is the main role of histamine release during inflammation?
to increase vasodilation and increase vascular permeability
Which ONE of the following is NOT an inflammatory mediator
-leukotrienes
-histamine
-platelet activating factors
-prostaglandins
-antibodies
antibodies
Which ONE of the following do NOT induce and regulate inflammation?
-IL-6 - cytokine
-IL-1β - cytokine
-CXCL16αβ - chemokine
-CXCL1 - chemokine
-TNFα - cytokine
CXCL16αβ - chemokine
What type of hypersensitivity is IgE antibody a mediator for?
Type I
Type ____ Hypersensitivity involves cell destruction by _____ and _____ . Antibody bound to cell surface antigen can induce death by ____ and ____.
II, IgG, IgM, opsonisation, ADCC
An allergic reaction is the result of hyper-responsiveness of the ____ immune system(s).
Innate and adaptive
Which ONE of the following statements about allergens is FALSE:
-they are usually of a low molecular weight
-they activate macrophages
-they are enzymatically active
-they are stable
-they are proteins
they activate macrophages
Which ONE antibody is primarily involved in an allergic reaction?
IgE
Which cytokine stimulates a Th2 response leading to more IgE production by B cells?
IL-4
Which type of hypersensitivity results in anaphylactic shock caused by allergy?
Class I
Atopic means desensitised to allergens - true or false?
false
TRUE/FALSE: Chronic inflammation is only caused by non-infectious factors.
false
Which of the following is NOT a structural feature of a regulatory T cell:
-express CTLA-4
-express TCR with high affinity for self-antigen
-Foxp3 positive
-CD25 positive
-Foxp4 positive
-Foxp4 positive
Does Hashimoto thyroiditis increase/decrease iodine uptake and result in _____ thyroid function
decreases iodine uptake and decreases thyroid function
Which ONE of the following bodily fluids can HIV NOT be transmitted by?
-urine
-blood
-rectal fluids
-saliva
-semen
saliva
Which ONE component does not make up the HIV retrovirus?
-gp41
-gp120
-reverse transcriptase
-lipid bilayer
-dimer spikes
reverse transcriptase
When transmitted via the sharing of needles; what 3 cell type are involved in initial protection from HIV at the site of infection?
neurtophils, epithelial and macrophages
TRUE/FALSE: Activated CD4 T cells are the major source of HIV replication – these cells are eventually killed by the virus = severe immunodeficiency
true
TRUE/FALSE: Drugs that block HIV replication lead to a rapid increase in titres of infectious virus before causing a decrease in CD4 T cells
false
TRUE/FALSE: In the course of infection HIV accumulates many mutations, which can result in the outgrowth of drug-resistant variants. These mutations can generate variants of enzymes & other viral proteins that render the virus resistant to drugs.
true
TRUE/FALSE: A genetic deficiency of the co-receptor CCR5 confers resistance to HIV infection.
true
TRUE/FALSE: Lymphoid tissue is the major reservoir of HIV infection.
true
