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Methods3 > Block 12 > Flashcards

Block 12 Flashcards

1
Q

A work surface area prepared to hold sterile equipment during a sterile technique procedure

A

Sterile field

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2
Q

What is the preferred sterile field technique

A

Use a double wrapped sterile package

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3
Q

The study of the VF

A

Perimetry

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4
Q

What is the purpose of perimetry

A

Assessment of visual function

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5
Q

Superior boundary of the monocular field

A

60 degrees

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6
Q

Nasal boundary of the monocular field

A

60 degrees

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7
Q

Inferiorr boundary of the monocular field

A

75 degrees

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8
Q

Temporal boundary of the monocular field

A

100 degrees

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9
Q

The most temporal portion of vision from 70-100 degrees which is seen by only 1 eye

A

Temporal crescent

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10
Q

The blind spot corresponds to

A

ON head

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11
Q

3 anatomical limits to visual field

A
  • nose
  • overhanging brow
  • small pupil
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12
Q

Which fields are affected by the nose

A

Nasal and inferior

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13
Q

What fields are affected by overhanging brow

A

Superior

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14
Q

The ability to respond to stimuli

A

Sensitivity

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15
Q

Theminimal intensity at which a stimulus is perceived

A

Threshold

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16
Q

The attribute of visual sensation according to which an area appears to emit more or less light

A

Brightness

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17
Q

Is humphrey VF static or kinetic perimetry

A

Static perimetry

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18
Q

Type of perimetry: stationary stimulus

A

Static

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19
Q

Type of perimetry: more sensitive

A

Static

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20
Q

Type of perimetry: Humphrey

A

Static

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21
Q

Type of perimetry: moving stimulus

A

Kinetic

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22
Q

Type of perimetry: goldmann perimetry

A

Kinetic

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23
Q

Advantages of static perimetry

A
  • best for central VF
  • reproducible
  • sensitive to defects
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24
Q

Disadvantages of static VF

A
  • doesn’t directly plot borders
  • tedious
  • expensive
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25
Q

Advantages of kinetic perimetry

A
  • rapidly evaluate peripheral VF
  • rapidly plot defects
  • quick and accurate for steep-bordered defects
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26
Q

Disadvantages of kinetic perimetry

A
  • hard to see early defects

- examiner has much influence

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27
Q

4 Factors affecting visibility (threshold)

A
  • size
  • luminance
  • background luminance
  • duration of stimulus presentation
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28
Q

An increase in stimulus size will do what to threshold

A

Decrease

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29
Q

The height of the hill of vision (HOA) corresponds to

A

Sensitivity

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30
Q

Determines the rate of PR visual pigment resynthesis by bleaching the cones in fovea

A

Photostress test

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31
Q

How quickly should a normal healthy pt read the line above BCVA after performing the photostress test

A

50-60 seconds

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32
Q

How quickly should a pt with macular prob read the line above BCVA after performing the photostress test

A

1.5 to 3 min or longer

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33
Q

How long do you shine the light in photostress test

A

10 seconds

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34
Q

Does pt wear correction for photostress test

A

CL are okay

Take glasses off for bleaching, but put them back on after done bleaching

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35
Q

When is perimetry called for (3)

A
  • glaucoma
  • neurological disease
  • retinal disease
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36
Q

The most conclusive contributor to glaucoma diagnosis

A

Reproducible VF loss results

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37
Q

Most precise method for quantifying glaucomatous progression

A

Repeated VF testing

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38
Q

Monitor for maculopathy if Pt is undergoing long term treatment with

A

Hydroxychloroquine

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39
Q

Can detect the earliest VF changes and is the standard of care for following pts who have established field loss

A

Threshold testing

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40
Q

Which is usually more preferred, threshold or suprathreshold screening tests

A

Threshold testing

41
Q

Most common test

A

SITA - standard 24-2

42
Q

Which is valuable when evaluating VF loss in macular disease or late stage glaucoma

A

10-2

43
Q

Do you change tests when following up with a pt

A

No- more easy to compare if you use the same test every time

44
Q

What is the most important and useful of the 3 available reliability indices

A

False Positive errors

45
Q

Which reliability indices assesses pt inattention

A

false negative

46
Q

Which reliability indices id’s trigger happy pts

A

False positive

47
Q

Which reliability indices measures pt gaze stability

A

Fixation losses

48
Q

Weighted average of the values presented in the total deviation numerical plot

A

Mean deviation

49
Q

A large negative value of mean deviation is associated with

A

Advanced field loss

50
Q

Normal MD value

A

0

51
Q

Enhancement of MD that is designed to be less affected by cataract and more sensitive to changes near the center of the field

A

Visual field index (VFI)

52
Q

Normal VFI value

A

100%

53
Q

Summarizes localized loss in a single index, while ignoring generalized depression

A

Pattern standard deviation (PSD)

54
Q

Normal PSD values

A

Low

55
Q

Has both high sensitivity and high specificity and expresses its analysis in plain language

A

Glaucoma hemifield test

56
Q

Also called the true positive rate

A

Sensitivity

57
Q

The proportion of people with the diseases

A

Sensitivity

58
Q

Formulate for sensitivity

A

TP/(TP+FN)

59
Q

Also called the true negative rate

A

Specificity

60
Q

Proportion of people without the disease

A

Specificity

61
Q

Formula for specificity

A

TN/(TN+FP)

62
Q

Most tests have what levels of sensitivity and specificity

A

High sensitivity but low specificity

63
Q

Localized defects/depressions surrounded by normal vision

A

Scotoma

64
Q

Defect that persists when the max stimulus is used

A

Absolute scotoma

65
Q

Defect that is present to weaker stimulus but disappears with brighter stimulus

A

Relative scotoma

66
Q

What is the percentage of FP that make a test unreliable

A

> 33%

67
Q

At what percentage of FP should you consider re running a test

A

15%

68
Q

What type of pattern indicates fatigue, inattentiveness

A

Cloverleaf pattern

69
Q

What percentage of FN make a test unreliable

A

> 33%

70
Q

FL are are monitored by 2 methods

A
  • blind spot

- gaze tracking

71
Q

What is the percentage of FL that cause it to be flagged

A

20%

72
Q

In the numeric grid, which area should have the higher numbers

A

Center

73
Q

Provides an approximat picture of the field

A

Gray scale

74
Q

Should the gray scale be used in the analysis of the field

A

NO

75
Q

that represents the difference between threshold of each individual test location and the age corrected norm

A

Total deviation plot

- The upper plot

76
Q

Negative values on the total deviation plot - upper

A

Sensitivity are below the median age norm

77
Q

Positive values on Total deviation plot- upper indicate

A

Sensitivity above the median age norm

78
Q

Plots the significance of deviations found in the upper plot

A

Total deviation plot

- lower plot

79
Q

Most common reasons for generalized depression (3)

A
  • cataracts
  • incorrect trial lenses
  • poor test taker
80
Q

Reduction in central and peripheral vision

A

Generalized depression

81
Q

Takes the total deviation plot and adjusts it up or down to screen out generalized depression
- highlights only significant localized visual field loss

A

Pattern deviation plot

82
Q

Single most useful analysis on a SFA printout

A

Pattern deviation plot

83
Q

Early defects show up sooner on which part: pattern probability map or grayscale plot

A

Pattern probability map

84
Q

If abnormal TD plot and normal PD

A

Cataract, incorrect rx, poor test taker

Generalized loss present in abnormal TD

85
Q

If normal TD and abnormal PD

A
  • Trigger happy

- abnormally high sensitive

86
Q

If TD and PD are about the same

A

Little to no generalized loss

87
Q

If there is a positive MD value

A

Better than average

88
Q

If there is a negative MD value

A

Less than average

89
Q

Abnormal P value

A

<0.5%

90
Q

How will the hill of vision look in generalized depression

A

It will drop equally throughout entire hill

91
Q

Does PSD (pattern standard deviation) change with media

A

No

92
Q

The higher the PSD

A

The more irregular the pattern

93
Q

PSD indicates what part of the HOV

A

Shape

94
Q

MD points toward what of the HOV

A

Height

95
Q

Normal MD abnormal PSD

A

Small localized defect

96
Q

Abnormal MD and normal PSD

A

Generalized loss

97
Q

Abnormal MD and abnormal PSD

A

Large defect with a localized component

98
Q

How much faster is glaucomatous progression than the normal rate of decline

A

10x

99
Q

Visual field defects obey

A

Anatomy

Methods3 (2 decks)

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