Biostatistics/PK

Question 1

Risk =

Answer 1

Number of subjects in group with an unfavorable event / total number of subjects in group

Question 2

RR =

Answer 2

Risk in treatment group / risk in control group

Question 3

Relative risk reduction (RRR) =

Answer 3

(% risk in control group - % risk in treatment group) / % risk in the control group

Question 4

Absolute risk reduction (ARR)

Answer 4

(% risk in control group) -(% risk in treatment group)

Question 5

Number needed to treat or harm (NNT, NNH)

Answer 5

1 / ARR*

*expressed as decimal

Question 6

Odds ratio(OR)

Answer 6

Odds of an outcome happening with an exposure compared to odds of outcome happening without exposure

OR = AD/BC

Question 7

Hazard ratio (HR )

Answer 7

HR in the treatment group/HR in the control group

Question 8

Incremental cost effectiveness ratio

Answer 8

C2 - C1 / E2 - E1

C = cost
E = effect

Question 9

Pack year smoking history=

Answer 9

Cigarette packs/day x years smoked

Question 10

Bioavailability (F)

Answer 10

100 X (AUCextravascular/AUCintravenous) x (DOSEintravenous/DOSEextravenous)

Question 11

Volume of distribution (VD)

Answer 11

Amount of drug in body/concentration of drug in plasma

Question 12

Clearance ( Cl)

Answer 12

F x dose /AUC

Or

Cl = Ke x Vd

Question 13

Elimination rate constant (Ke)

Answer 13

Cl /Vd

Question 14

Predicting drug concentrations

Answer 14

C2 = C1 x e^(-kt)

Ke = ln(C1/C2) / t

Question 15

Half life

Answer 15

0.693/Ke

Question 16

Loading dose (LD)

Answer 16

Desired concentration x Vd / F