Biopsychosocial Considerations for Spine Flashcards
Pain is…
perception
acute pain is…
self-limiting
pain gating…
can occur at the spinal and supra spinal levels
tools to assess pain
VAS
numerical pain rating scale
brief pain inventory
hyperalgesia
a state in which painful stimuli are abnormall painful
analgesia
a state in which painful stimuli are no longer painful
allodynia
a painful response to normally innocuous stimuli
hyperesthesia
abnormal sensitivity to touch, pain, other stimuli
A mechanical nociceptors
mechanical activation
from penetration, compression, etc., of the skin.
Sharp or pricking pain, via Aδ fibers.
thin myelinates and transmit fast sharp pain
C polymodal nociceptors
noxious mechanical stimuli,
noxious heat, noxious cold, irritant chemicals. Slow
dull burning pain or aching pain, via non- myelinated
C fibers
GABA neurotransmitter
the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in CNS
Glutamate
the most common excitatory NT in the CNS
serotonin
a NT involved in many functinos including mood, appetite and sensory perception
in the spinal cord, serotonin is inhibinitroy in pain pathways
pain gating
non painful input “closes the gate” to painful input and doesnt allow painful signals to CNS
hyperpolarizes neurons and suppresses release of Substance P
central sensitization
repeated or prolonges exposure to painful stimuli - increased excitability spinal cord and brain - reduced capacity of inhibitory interneurons
