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from flashcardlet > BioPsych. Ch.15 > Flashcards

BioPsych. Ch.15 Flashcards

0
Q

Cerebral Hemorrhage

A

A condition caused by bleeding in the brain.

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1
Q

Stroke

A

A type of brain damage caused by an interruption of the blood supply to the brain.

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2
Q

Aneurysm

A

A balloonlike bulge in the wall of an artery.

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3
Q

Ischemia

A

A condition on which inadequate blood flow results in insufficient quantities of oxygen being delivered to tissue.

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4
Q

Infract

A

An area of dead neural tissue.

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5
Q

Trendiest Ischemic Attack (TIA)

A

A brief (24-hour-or-less) episode of stroke symptoms that does not caused permanent damage.

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6
Q

Thrombosis

A

A blockage that doesn’t move from its point of origin in a blood vessel.

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7
Q

Embolism

A

A blood vessel blockage that originated elsewhere and traveled to its current location.

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8
Q

Penumbra

A

The area of tissue surrounding an infract.

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9
Q

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

A

Physical damage to the brain.

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10
Q

Open Head Injury

A

A head injury in which the brain is penetrated, as in a gunshot wound.

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11
Q

Concussion

A

A head injury that results from a blow to the head without penetration of the brain or from a blow to another part of the body that results in force transmitted to the brain.

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12
Q

Coup

A

An area of brain damage at the site of the blow to the head.

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13
Q

Countercoup

A

An area of the brain damage that occurs on the opposite side of the head from the original site of the blow, or coup.

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14
Q

Subdural Hematoma

A

A mass of clotted blood (like a bruise) that forms between the dura mater and arachnoid following a head injury.

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15
Q

Postconcussion Syndrome

A

A set of symptoms that follow concussion for a period of days to years, including headache, cognitive dificts, and emotional changes.

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16
Q

Dementia Pugilistica

A

A severe form of chronic traumatic brain injury (CTBI) often experienced by boxers.

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17
Q

Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury (CTBI)

A

A type of brain damage caused by repeated concussions.

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18
Q

Tumor

A

An independent growth of tissue that lacks purpose.

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19
Q

Malignant Tumor

A

A type of abnormal cell growth that, lacking boundaries, invades the surrounding tissue and is very likely to recur following surgical removal.

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20
Q

Metastasis

A

The migration of cancerous cells from one part of the body to another.

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21
Q

Benign Tumor

A

An abnormal cell growth that develops within its own membrane and is unlikely the recur following surgery to remove it.

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22
Q

Glioma

A

A tumor that develops from glia cells.

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23
Q

Meningioma

A

A tumor arising from the tissue of the meninges.

24
Q

Seizure

A

An uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain.

25
Q

Epilepsy

A

A disorder characterized by repeated seizure activity to the brain.

26
Q

Partial Seizure

A

A seizure that has a clear area of origin, or focus.

27
Q

Generalized Seizure

A

A seizure that affects the brain symmetrically without a clear point of origin.

28
Q

Aura

A

A subjective sensory or motor sensation that signals the onset of a seizure or migraine.

29
Q

Simple Partial Seizure

A

A seizure with symptoms that relate to the functions of the focal area.

30
Q

Jacksonian Seizure

A

A type of simple partial seizure originating in the motor cortex.

31
Q

Jacksonian March

A

During some simple partial seizure, the progression of convulsions or twitches from body part to body part related to the organization of the primary motor cortex.

32
Q

Complex Partial Seizure

A

A type of partial seizure originating in the temporal lobes.

33
Q

Paroxysmal Depolarizing Shift (PDS)

A

A characteristic electrical pattern that occurs in neurons within a focus during a partial seizure.

34
Q

Grand Mal Seizure

A

A generalized seizure that results in violent convulsions; also known as a tonic-clonic seizure.

35
Q

Petit Mal Seizure

A

A mild type of generalized seizure in which the patient experiences a brief period of unconsciousness.

36
Q

Tonic Phase

A

The initial stage of a grand mal seizure, in which the patient experiences a loss is consciousness, cessation of breathing, and muscular contraction.

37
Q

Clonic Phase

A

The second phase of a grand mal seizure, characterized by violent, repetitious muscle contractions.

38
Q

Coma

A

A deep, prolonged period of unconsciousness from which the person cannot be awakened.

39
Q

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

A

An autoimmune disorder that targets the central nervous system, resulting in demyelination and damage to axons.

40
Q

Neurocysticercosis

A

A condition characterized by brain cysts resulting from parasitic infection by the pork tapeworm, T. Solium

41
Q

Encephalitis

A

A condition characterized by inflammation of the brain.

42
Q

West Nile Virus

A

An encephalitis-causing virus that is carried by birds and transmitted to humans via mosquitoes.

43
Q

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

A

A disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that renders the subject highly vulnerable to life-threatening conditions.

44
Q

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

A

The virus responsible for AIDS.

45
Q

AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC)

A

A collection of neurological symptoms that result either directly from the actions of the HIV virus itself or from other opportunistic infections overlooked by the impaired immune system of the HIV patient.

46
Q

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE)

A

A disease that can be transferred from one animal to another and that produces a fatal, degenerative condition characterized by dementia and motor disturbance.

47
Q

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)

A

A form of TSE that primarily affects cattle; mad-cow disease.

48
Q

Scrapie

A

A TSE disease that infects sheep and goats.

49
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)

A

A human TSE that results in a progressively degenerative condition characterized by movement and cognitive disorder.

50
Q

Kuru

A

A human TSE identified among the Force of New Guinea, related to their practice of cannibalism.

51
Q

Prion

A

A protein particle that lacks nucleic acid and is believed to be responsible for TSEs.

52
Q

New Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)

A

A human TSE resembling classic CJD that results from consumption of beef products contaminated by BSE.

53
Q

Migraine

A

A genetically related condition, usually featuring a severe form of headache, nausea, and sensory distortions.

54
Q

Trigeminovascular System

A

The network formed by the trigeminal nerves, meninges, and blood vessels believed to participate in migraine headache.

55
Q

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide(CGRP)

A

A peptide neurotransmitters released by the trigeminal nerve that might participate in the production of migraine headaches.

56
Q

Triptan

A

One of a new class of highly specific serotonin agonists used to treat migraine headaches.

57
Q

Rehabilitation

A

A therapeutic process designed to restore function after illness or injury.

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