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Revision > Biology Y10 Digestive System EoT test > Flashcards

Biology Y10 Digestive System EoT test Flashcards

1
Q

what is an organ system

A

a collection of organs working together to perform a specific function

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2
Q

what is an organ

A

a collection of tissues working together to perform a specific function

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3
Q

what is a tissue

A

a collection of cells working together to form a specific function

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4
Q

what is a cell

A

the basic building block of all living organisms

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5
Q

purpise of the digestive system

A

breaks down food into a soluble form for absorption into the bloodstream

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6
Q

function of mouth

A

teeth mechanically break down food, large surface area for enzyme action

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7
Q

function of oesophagus

A

connects mouth and stomach, peristalsis pushes food bolus along

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8
Q

function of stomach

A

churns food to break down further and mix it, releases proteases and hydrochloric acid

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9
Q

function of small intestines

A

soluble food molecules absorbed into blood, villi increase surface area

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10
Q

function of large intestines

A

absorb water, form faeces

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11
Q

function of gut flora

A

breaks down substances, supplies essential nutrients, synthesises vitamin K, competes with harmful bacteria

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12
Q

function of rectum

A

store faeces

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13
Q

function of anus

A

control opening of the body

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14
Q

function of salivary glands

A

produce amylase, lubricate food bolus

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15
Q

function of liver

A

produces bile to emusify fats, neutralises stomach acid

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16
Q

function of gall bladder

A

stores bile for release

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17
Q

function of pancreas

A

produces enzymes

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18
Q

where is amylase produced

A

salivary glands, pancreas, small intestines

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19
Q

where is protease produced

A

stomach, pancreas, small intestines

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20
Q

where is lipase produced

A

pancreas

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21
Q

where does amylase act

A

mouth, small intestine

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22
Q

where does protease act

A

stomach, small intestine

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23
Q

where does lipase act

A

small intestine

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24
Q

what does amylase digest into what

A

starch -> glucose

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25
Q

what does protease digest into what

A

proteins -> amino acids

26
Q

what does lipase digest into what

A

lipids -> 3 fatty acids and glycerol

27
Q

what pH is the stomach

A

1.5-2

28
Q

what pH does amylase work best at

A

~7

29
Q

what pH does protease work best at

A

~1.6

30
Q

what pH does lipase work best at

A

~8

31
Q

how does the stomach protect itself from the hydrochloric acid

A

has a thick mucus lining

32
Q

how to test for starch

A

iodine test

33
Q

how to test for sugar

A

benedict’s test

34
Q

how to test for lipids

A

emulsion test (ethanol)

35
Q

how to test for protein

A

biuret test

36
Q

what colour is iodine test before and after a positive result

A

orange-brown -> blue-black

37
Q

what colour is benedict’s test before and after a positive result

A

light blue -> green to brick-red

38
Q

what colour is emulsion test before and after a positive result

A

colourless -> cloudy emulsion

39
Q

what colour is biuret test before and after a positive result

A

blue -> lilac

40
Q

what are enzymes

A

large protein molecules folded to produce a unique shape (also biological catalyst)

41
Q

what is an enzyme made of

A

amino acids

42
Q

with what kind of substrate can an enzyme combine

A

complementary

43
Q

what is the lock and key theory

A

the enzyme has a specific shape that perfectly matches the sustrate

44
Q

what is a denatured enzyme

A

an enzyme whose shape has been distorted

45
Q

how can denaturing happen

A

temperature and pH

46
Q

what happens to an enzyme at low temperature

A

little kinetic energy = few collisions

47
Q

what happens to an enzyme at optimum temperature

A

the most successful collisions

48
Q

what happens to an enzyme at above optimum temperature

A

the active site deforms and hte enzyme begins to denature

49
Q

what happens to an enzyme at optimum pH

A

most successful collisions

50
Q

what happens to an enzyme at non-optimum pH

A

denatured = few successful collisions

51
Q

what happens to an enzyme at extreme pH

A

denatured = no activity

52
Q

what is metabolism

A

sum of all the reactions in a cell or organism

53
Q

what types of reactions do enzymes speed up

A

synthesis (small thing -> big things), changing one molecule to another and breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones

54
Q

what is glucose used for

A

fuel for respiration, to release energy

55
Q

what are amino acids used for

A

building new proteins for growth and repair, enzymes and antibodies

56
Q

what are glycerol and fatty acids used for

A

rebuilding lipids for energy store, insulation, protecting organs and new cell membranes and hormones

57
Q

what is optimum temperature for enzymes in humans

A

~37°C

58
Q

how to do iodine test

A

add a drop of sample and a drop of iodine and record changes in appearance

59
Q

how to do biuret test

A

add a drop of sample and a drop of biuret solution and record changes in appearance

60
Q

how to do benedict’s test

A

get test tubes, put samples in each, put benedict’s solution in each, heat up to 85°C for five minutes and record changes in appearance

61
Q

how to do emulsion test

A

add sample to test tube, add ethanol to the test tube and mix, have water in another test tube, pour ethanol mix into water, record changes in appearance

Revision (19 decks)

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