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BMAT > Biology Review > Flashcards

Biology Review Flashcards

1
Q

a duodenum

A

dwunastnica

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2
Q

an ileum

A

jelito kręte

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3
Q

a colon

A

okrężnica

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4
Q

a rectum

A

odbytnica

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5
Q

a pharynx

A

gardło

= throat

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6
Q

an oesophagus

A

przewód pokarmowy

= food pipe

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7
Q

salivary amylase

A

amylaza ślinowa

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8
Q

to emulsify

A

zemulgować

= make into or become an emulsion

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9
Q

to solubulize

A

zwiększać rozpuszczalność

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10
Q

pancreatic amylase

A

amylaza trzustkowa

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11
Q

lubricated

A

nawilżony

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12
Q

mucus

A

śluz

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13
Q

indigestible

A

niestrawny

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14
Q

a nasal cavity

A

jama nosowa

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15
Q

a larynx

A

krtań

= voice box

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16
Q

a trachea

A

tchawica

= windpipe

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17
Q

bronchi

A

oskrzela

- sing. bronchus

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18
Q

bronchioles

A

oskrzeliki

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19
Q

alveoli

A

pęcherzyki płucne

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20
Q

pulmonary ventilation

A

oddychanie

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21
Q

a diaphragm

A

przepona

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22
Q

intercostal

A

międzyżebrowy

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23
Q

inspiration/ expiration

A

wdychanie/ wydychanie

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24
Q

to contract

A

kurczyć się

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25
Q

thoracic

A

piersiowy

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26
Q

to deflate

A

spuszczać powietrze

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27
Q

a lining

A

wyściółka wewnętrzna

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28
Q

haemoglobin

A

hemoglobina

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29
Q

ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate

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30
Q

a by-product

A

produkt uboczny

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31
Q

a lactic acid

A

kwas mlekowy

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32
Q

to exceed

A

przekraczać

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33
Q

anaerobic

A

beztlenowy

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34
Q

deoxygenated

to deoxygenate

A

lacking oxygen

to remove oxygen from

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35
Q

a venous system

A

układ żylny

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36
Q

an atrium

A

przedsionek

- pl. atria

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37
Q

a vena cava

A

żyła główna

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38
Q

a cusp

A

płatek, guzek

= a pointed or rounded projection or a segment of a cardiac valve

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39
Q

a tricuspid valve

A

zastawka trójdzielna

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40
Q

a ventricle

A

komora

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41
Q

an artery

A

tętnica

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42
Q

a vein

A

żyła

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43
Q

a capillary

A

włośniczek, kapilara

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44
Q

a bicuspid valve

A

zastawka dwudzielna

= mitral valve

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45
Q

a sinoatrial (SA) node

A

węzeł zatokowo-przedsionkowy

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46
Q

a atrioventricular (AV) node

A

węzeł przedsionkowo-komorowy

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47
Q

a pacemaker cell

A

komórka rozrusznikowa serca

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48
Q

systolic blood pressure

A

ciśnienie skurczowe

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49
Q

diastolic blood pressure

A

ciśnienie rozkurczowe

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50
Q

diastole

A

the part of the cardiac cycle when the heart relaxes

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51
Q

systole

A

the part of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts

52
Q

the cardiac cycle

A

the complete cycle of events in the heart from the beginning of one heart beat to the beginning of the next

53
Q

cardiac output

A

pojemność minutowa serca

54
Q

stroke volume

A

the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle in one contraction

55
Q

plasma

A

osocze

56
Q

clotting factors

A

the proteins in the blood that control bleeding i.a. thrombocytes

57
Q

a thymus gland

A

gruczoł grasicy

58
Q

a foreign body

A

ciało obce

59
Q

the central nervous system

A

centralny układ nerwowy

= the brain and spinal cord

60
Q

a spinal cord

A

rdzeń kręgowy

61
Q

the peripheral nervous system

A

obwodowy układ nerwowy

= thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves (left and right) fan out from the spinal cord

62
Q

to fan out

A

rozchodzić się promieniście

63
Q

a sensory (afferent) neurone

A

czuciowy (doprowadzający) neuron

64
Q

a motor (efferent) neurone

A

motoryczny (odprowadzający) neuron

65
Q

an interneurone

A

found in the spinal cord that relays signals between afferent neurons and efferent neurons

66
Q

to relay

A

przekazywać

67
Q

the cerebral cortex

A

kora mózgowa

68
Q

to override

A

zignorować (odruch)

69
Q

a reflex

A

odruch

70
Q

the autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary; controls the automatic functions of the body that maintain homeostasis

71
Q

the hypothalamus

A

podwzgórze

72
Q

vasodilation

A

proces rozszerzania naczyń krwionośnych

73
Q

constriction

A

proces zawężania się naczyń krwionośnych

74
Q

the pons

A

most

  • The pons is a portion of the brain stem, located above the medulla oblongata and below the midbrain.
75
Q

an iris

A

tęczówka

76
Q

a cornea

A

rogówka

77
Q

a pupil

A

źrenica

78
Q

dilation

A

rozszerzenie (źrenic)

79
Q

a fovea

A

dołek

= a very small hollow in a bone or organ, especially in the macula (plamka) of the eye

80
Q

curvature

A

krzywizna

81
Q

convex

A

wypukły

= curving out

82
Q

taut

A

naprężony

= tight or completely stretched

83
Q

an endocrine system

A

układ hormonalny, wewnątrzwydzielniczy

84
Q

to secrete hormones

A

wydzielanie hormonów

85
Q

egestion

A

the release of the undigested material

86
Q

ingestion

A

when food enters the digestive system

87
Q

a pineal gland

A

szyszynka

= an organ in the brain that produces a hormone called melatonin

88
Q

a pituitary gland

A

przysadka mózgowa

= a small organ at the base of the brain that controls the growth and activity of the body by producing hormones

89
Q

a thyroid

A

tarczyca

= a gland (= an organ) in the front of the neck that is involved in controlling the way the body develops and works

90
Q

a thymus gland

A

grasica

= a small gland behind the breastbone that helps build the immune system

91
Q

parathyroid gland

A

przytarczyca / gruczoł przytarczyczny

= controlsl the amount of the chemicals calcium and phosphorus in the body

92
Q

adrenal glands

A

nadnercza

= one of a pair of glands that produce adrenalin, found just above the kidneys

93
Q

pancreas

A

trzustka

= an organ in the body that produces insulin and substances that help to digest food

94
Q

an ovary

A

jajnik

95
Q

testes (pl.)

A

testis = testicle - jądro

96
Q

deviation from the norm

A

odstępstwo od normy

97
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone

FSH

A

hormon stymulujący pęcherzyk jajnikowy

= a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland which promotes the formation of ova or sperm

98
Q

luteinizing hormone

LH

A

hormon stymulujący rozwój ciałka żółtego

= a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells (komórki gonadotropowe) in the anterior pituitary gland

99
Q

ovarian follicles

A

pęcherzyki jajnikowe

100
Q

the corpus luteum

A

yellow body which is a temporary endocrine structure in female ovaries that is involved in the production of progesterone

101
Q

an ureter

A

moczowód

= a tube on each side of the body that takes urine from the kidney to the bladder

102
Q

urinary bladder

A

pęcherz moczowy

= a hollow muscular organ that collects urine from the kidneys before disposal by urination

103
Q

urethra

A

cewka moczowa

= the tube in most mammals that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. In males it also carries semen.

104
Q

renal coretex

A

kora nerkowa

= the outer portion of the kidney

105
Q

medulla oblongata

A

rdzeń przedłużony
= the lowest part of the brain, positioned at the top of the spinal cord, that controls activities such as heartbeat, blood pressure , and breathing

106
Q

renal pelvis

A

miedniczka nerkowa

= a flattened funnel-shaped expansion of the upper end of the ureter

107
Q

glomerular filtration

A

filtracja kłębuszkowa

= the first step in making urine

108
Q

the proximal convoluted tubule

A

kanalik bliższy

= the portion of the duct system of the nephron of the kidney which leads from Bowman’s capsule to the loop of Henle

109
Q

coiled

A

zwinięty, owinięty

110
Q

medullary loop

A

the loop of Henle - pętla Henlego

= the portion of a nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule

111
Q

the distal convoluted tubule

A

kanalik dalszy

=a portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct system

112
Q

a renal corpuscle

A

ciałko nerkowe
= the initial blood-filtering component of a nephron. It consists of two structures: a glomerulus and a Bowman’s capsule.

113
Q

a glomerulus

A

kłębuszek nerkowy

= one of the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys that remove waste products from the blood into the urine

114
Q

a pedigree

A

metryka, drzewo genealogiczne
= a table, chart, diagram, or list of an individual’s ancestors, used in genetics in the analysis of mendelian inheritance

115
Q

concave

A

wklęsły

= curving in

116
Q

efferent

A

odprowadzający

= away from a central organ or part

117
Q

afferent

A

doprowadzający

= carrying something towards the centre of a body part

118
Q

an aperture

A

otwór

= a small and often narrow opening, especially one that allows light into an eye

119
Q

to innervate

A

unerwiać

= to supply nerves to an organ or part of the body

120
Q

oculomotor

A

okołoruchowy

= relating to the movement of the eyeball

121
Q

ova (pl.)

A

ovum = an egg cell - komórka jajowa

122
Q

endometrium

A

śluzówka maciczna

= the inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian uterus

123
Q

the production of progesterone

A 
1. gonadotropic cells in anterior pituitary gland
PRODUCE
2. a luteinizing hormone
TRIGGERS
3. a corpus luteum
PRODUCES
4. progesterone
124
Q

an arteriole

A

tętnica mała

= a very small artery that often joins onto a capillary

125
Q

occlusion

A

the blockage or closing of a blood vessel or hollow organ

BMAT (5 decks)

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