Biology P2 Flashcards
What is the endocrine system
The system of glands that produce hormones
What does thyroid gland produce
Thyroxine (Basal metabolism rate)
What does adrenal gland produce
Adrenaline
What hormones does the pancreas produce
Insulin and glucagon
When is insulin produced
When there is too much glucose in the blood (is then transferred into brain and muscle cells as glycogen)
When is glucagon produced
When there isn’t enough glucose in the blood (transfers glycogen back into glucose from the liver and muscle cells back into the blood)
Type 1 diabetes
- inherited
- pancreas produces little/no insulin
- insulin therapy (inject insulin)
Type 2 diabetes
- lifestyle factors (diet + obesity)
- body becomes resistant to insulin
- carb controlled diet/exercise
What does FSH do
Causes egg to mature
What does LH do
Causes egg to release
What do oestrogen and progesterone do
- Grow + maintain lining of uterus during menstrual cycle
- FSH stimulates oestrogen production
- Oestrogen inhibits FSH and stimulates LH
- Progesterone inhibits FSH + LH
When is egg released in menstrual cycle
Day 14
What does IVF do
Increases fertility
- woman injects FSH and LH
- generates eggs which can then be taken
- eggs fertilised with sperm at a lab
- embryo placed into woman’s uterus
What does adrenaline do
- produced at adrenal glands
- released in state of fear/stress
- deliver oxygen and glucose to cells in brain + muscle
- increase HR for fight/flight
What are thyroxine levels controlled by
TSH which is produced at pituitary gland
