Biology-inheritance Flashcards
What is a Chromosome
A long, coiled molecule of DNA that carries genetic information in the form of genes
Define Gene
A section of DNA that codes for a specific sequence of amino acids which undergo polymerisation to form a protein
What are alleles
Different versions of the same gene
Define Genotype
An organisms genetic composition, describes all alleles
Define phenotype
An organisms observable characteristics due to interactions of the genotype and environment
Define Homozygous
Having two identical alleles
Define heterozygous
Having two different alleles
What is a dominant allele
Describes an allele that is always expressed represented with a capital letter
What is a recessive allele
An allele that is only expressed in the absence of a dominant allele represented with a small letter
What is Monohybrid inheritance
The inheritance of a single gene
What is the problem with single gene crosses?
Most characteristics are controlled by multiple alleles rather than just 1
What are sex chromosomes
A pair of chromosomes that determine sex
Males have X and Y
Females have two X chromosomes
Other than a Punnett square, how else can monohybrid inheritance be represented?
Using a family pedigree
Why are the majority of genes found on the X chromosome rather than the Y chromosome
The X chromosome is bigger than the Y chromosome so more genes are carried on it
Name the four different blood groups
A B AB O
