Biology: Chapter 2

Question 1

What are the three subatomic particles of an atom and how are they charged?

Answer 1

protons which are positively charged
neutrons which are non charged
electrons which are negatively charged

Question 2

How much mass do protons electrons and neutrons have?

Answer 2

protons and neutrons have equal mass which is much greater than the mass if electrons

Question 3

Where are protons, neutrons and electrons located in an atom?

Answer 3

protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus and electrons are flying around in the empty space around the nucleus

Question 4

What three types of information can be found in the periodic table of elements?

Answer 4

Atomic number, element name/symbol, atomic mass

Question 5

What is an atomic number?

Answer 5

Unique number for each element corresponding to the number of protons in the element

Question 6

What is an atomic mass?

Answer 6

Average sum of number of protons and neutrons

Question 7

What is an isotope?

Answer 7

Atoms are the same element, but with different number of neutrons (different masses)

Question 8

What is an ion?

Answer 8

Atoms that have gained or lost one or more electrons (+ or - charge)

Question 9

What is a chemical bond?

Answer 9

A bond that holds molecules or crystals together through sharing or transferring of electrons between atoms

Question 10

What is an intermolecular force? (IMF)

Answer 10

Forces that exist between molecules, that are weaker than bonds

Question 11

What is a covalent bond ? (Non polar)

Answer 11

Two atoms equally share one or more electrons pairs between them. Two hydrogen atoms

Question 12

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 12

a bond that occurs between positively and negativity charged ions. sodium and chloride

Question 13

What is a polar covalent bond? two hydrogen and one oxygen

Answer 13

Two atoms share pairs of electrons unequally

Question 14

What is hydrogen bonding

Answer 14

A force, resulting from extremely polar bonds between H – F, H – O, and H – N

Question 15

What is Van der Waals forces?

Answer 15

Force weaker than hydrogen bonding between all other forces, especially nonpolar or weak polar forces. gecko walking on wall

Question 16

What are the seven properties of water?

Answer 16

Cohesion- water molecules stick together
Surface tension-resistance to break surface of liquid
Adhesion-liquid sticks to surfaces of its container
High specific heat capacity-amount of energy required to raise the temp of a certain amount of a liquid
Wide melting point-0°C - 100°C
Density-Solid water is less dense than liquid water
Solubility-Most substances dissolve in water

Question 17

What is an acid?

Answer 17

Any substance which one dissolved add H+ to its solution

Question 18

What is a base?

Answer 18

Any substance which removes H+ from the solution

Question 19

What is considered acidic, basic or neutral?

Answer 19

Acidic- below 7
Basic- Above seven
Neutral- 7

Question 20

What is a buffer?

Answer 20

A substance which one dissolve resist change in pH and helps organisms, maintain life growing conditions like homeostasis

Question 21

What is a monomer?

Answer 21

A small molecule that can be linked together by two monomers to formed bio molecules

Question 22

What is a polymer

Answer 22

A group or chain of monomer bonding together in a repeating pattern

Question 23

What do monomers and polymers do in the structure of biomolecules?

Answer 23

Monomer and polymers make up the large molecule of repeating arrays of, a small molecules in biomolecules

Question 24

What are the types of Monomers involved in the four major classes of biomolecules?

Answer 24

Monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, and Nucleotides

Question 25

What is the purpose of each of the four types of Carbohydrates?

Answer 25

Starch - main way we take in glucose
Glycogen - main way we store sugars
Cellulose - not digestible but good for gut health and helps trees and plants
Chitin - similar to cellulose but stronger, which allows for h bonding between chains

Question 26

What are the major roles in properties of lipids?

Answer 26

Hydrophobic chains of C – H bond
Triglycerides-Storage of energy, long-term, three fatty acid is attached to glycerol packed close together
Phospholipids-two fatty acids Attached to a glycerol along with a phosphate group
Steroids-Individual fatty acids with fused carbon rings

Question 27

What are the major roles and properties of proteins?

Answer 27

A class of by molecules was versatility in a structure allows them to carry out functions
Enzymes-speed up chemical reaction In the cell
Transport-Carry various biomolecules around or between cells
Signaling-Receive/transmit signals from parts of the body
Cytoskeleton-Extended throughout the cell to give structure
Muscle contraction-Interact in various ways to make muscles move

Question 28

What are the major roles and properties of nucleic acids?

Answer 28

Biomolecules, that store information necessary to run a cell, primarily by encoding the sequence of proteins

Question 29

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 29

DNA is two strands, paired together by specific hydrogen bonding pattern. A Guanine strand pairs via three hydrogen bonds to cytosine strand And an adenine strand via two hydrogen bonds pairs with thymine these strands are a code that stores all the information needed to run an organism

Question 30

What are the major differences between DNA and RNA?

Answer 30

1. Sugar: DNA has Deoxyribose and RNA has ribose
2. Nitrogenous baes: RNA replaces thymine with uracil
3. RNA is a single strand