Biology B1.2

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Biological polymer made from nucleotide monomers. The sequence contains all the information needed to make an organism.

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

Strand of DNA containing genes

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

Section of DNA which codes for a characteristic.

Question 4

Genome

Answer 4

All the genetic material present in an organism.

Question 5

DNA Base

Answer 5

Nitrogenous base found in DNA - Adenine, thymine, cytosine or guanine.

Question 6

Nucelotide

Answer 6

Monomer (unit) found in DNA, consisting of an organic base, ribose sugar, and a phosphate group.

Question 7

Polymer

Answer 7

Substance made up from many monomers (similar subunits) bonded together.

Question 8

Phenotype

Answer 8

Characteristics that are observed in an organism.

Question 9

Complementary base pairing

Answer 9

The pairing of the bases between two strands of DNA - adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine.

Question 10

mRNA

Answer 10

Copy of DNA strand used to carry the genetic code out of the nucleus so that proteins can be synthesised.

Question 11

Transciption

Answer 11

Process by which mRNA is formed.

Question 12

Translation

Answer 12

Process by which proteins are synthesised.

Question 13

Protein Synthesis

Answer 13

The creation of proteins by cells that uses DNA, RNA, and various enzymes.

Question 14

Active site

Answer 14

Region of enzyme where substrate binds.

Question 15

Enzymes

Answer 15

Biological catalyst - this means it speeds up reactions without being used up.

Question 16

Substrate

Answer 16

Molecule that an enzyme acts upon.

Question 17

Lock and key hypothesis

Answer 17

Model that explains the specificity of enzymes.

Question 18

Denature

Answer 18

Shape of an enzyme that is changed so that it can no longer catalyse a reaction.

Question 19

Catalyst

Answer 19

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.

Question 20

Saturation

Answer 20

The extent at which something is dissolved or absorbed.

Question 21

pH

Answer 21

The acidity of a solution

Question 22

Temperature

Answer 22

The degree of heat in a substance or object.

Question 23

Rate of Reaction

Answer 23

how quickly a product is formed or how quickly a reactant is used up.

Question 24

Optimum

Answer 24

the most favorable condition for the growth and reproduction of an organism.